Intel 31244 PCI-X User Manual
25
Routing Guidelines
Routing Guidelines
4
This chapter provides routing guidelines for layout and design of a printed circuit board using the
GD31244. The high-speed clocking required when designing with the GD31244 requires special
attention to signal integrity. In fact, it is highly recommended that the board design be simulated to
determine optimum layout for signal integrity. The information in this chapter provides guidelines
to aid the designer with board layout. Several factors influence the signal integrity of a GD31244
design. These factors include:
GD31244. The high-speed clocking required when designing with the GD31244 requires special
attention to signal integrity. In fact, it is highly recommended that the board design be simulated to
determine optimum layout for signal integrity. The information in this chapter provides guidelines
to aid the designer with board layout. Several factors influence the signal integrity of a GD31244
design. These factors include:
4.1
General Routing Guidelines
This section details general routing guidelines for connecting the GD31244. The order in which
signals are routed varies from designer to designer. Some designers prefer to route all clock signals
first, while others prefer to route all high-speed bus signals first. Either order may be used,
provided the guidelines listed here are followed.
signals are routed varies from designer to designer. Some designers prefer to route all clock signals
first, while others prefer to route all high-speed bus signals first. Either order may be used,
provided the guidelines listed here are followed.
Route the GD31244 address/data and control signals using a daisy chain topology. This topology
assumes that no stubs are used to connect any devices on the net.
assumes that no stubs are used to connect any devices on the net.
, shows two possible
techniques to achieve a stubless trace. When it is not possible to apply one of these two techniques
due to congestion, a very short stub is allowed - do not exceed 250 mils.
due to congestion, a very short stub is allowed - do not exceed 250 mils.
Note:
A rule of the thumb for stub trace length is to make sure that the stub length is less than or equal to
the one-quarter of the signal transition.
the one-quarter of the signal transition.
Example:
•
Nominal trace velocity To = 190 ps/in
•
Typical signal slew rate = 2 V/ns
•
Low-to-High Voltage differential (0.3 V
CC
to 0.5 V
CC
) =0.66 V
•
Rise Time T
R
=.66 V *(1 ns/2 V) = 330 ps
•
Equivalent Distance = 330 ps/To = 1.74 in
•
Stub length less than 1/4 of the length =0.44 in
•
power distribution
•
decoupling
•
minimizing crosstalk
•
layout considerations when routing the SATA bus
Figure 6.
Examples of Stubless and Short Stub Traces
A7690-01
<250 Mils
Stubless
Short Stub