EFJohnson 001-9800-001 User Manual

Page of 127
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3-18
February 2001
Part No. 001-9800-001
Figure 3-6   Limiter/Detector U201 Block 
Diagram
The 44.550 MHz injection frequency on pin 4 is 
produced by tripling the 14.850 MHz frequency of 
reference oscillator U806. To do this, a portion of the 
reference oscillator signal is applied to Q207 which is 
an amplifier with the output tuned for the third 
harmonic of the reference oscillator frequency. This 
output tuning is provided by a two-pole bandpass filter 
formed by L219, C287, C288, L217, and C290. The 
output level of this filter is approximately 0.25 V rms.
Ceramic Filters (Z202/Z206, Z205)
The 450 kHz output of the internal mixer is fed 
out of U201 on pin 20. It is then routed through 
ceramic filter Z202 for narrow-band (12.5 kHz) chan-
nels and through Z206 for wideband (25 kHz) chan-
nels. Z202 has a nominal bandwidth at the –3 dB 
points of 8 kHz, and Z206 has a nominal bandwidth of 
15 kHz. The function of this filter is to attenuate wide-
band noise present in the IF signal.
Routing of the IF signal to the appropriate filter is 
provided by Q205 and Q206, PIN diodes CR207-
CR210, and several resistors and capacitors. It is 
controlled by the microcontroller through the Q4 
output of shift register U800. This output is low for 
narrow-band channels and high for wideband 
channels.
If a narrow-band channel is selected, a low signal 
is applied to the base of Q205. That transistor then 
turns off and inverter Q206 turns on. CR209/CR210 
are then forward biased and CR207/CR208 reverse 
biased. This routes the 450 kHz IF signal through 
Z202 and blocks it from Z206. If a wideband channel 
is selected, the opposite occurs. For more information 
on the operation of PIN diodes, refer to Section 3.8.1.
The filtered 450 MHz IF signal is then applied to 
pin 18, amplified by an internal amplifier, and then fed 
back out on pin 16 and applied to ceramic filter Z205. 
This filter is identical to Z206 and provides additional 
attenuation of wideband noise. The loss introduced by 
each ceramic filter is approximately 12 dB.
Limiter/Detector
The signal from Z205 is applied to an internal 
limiter connected to pin 14. The limiter amplifies the 
450 kHz signal and then limits it to a specific value to 
remove amplitude variations. From the limiter, the 
signal is fed internally to the quadrature detector. An 
external phase shift network connected to pin 10 shifts 
the phase of one of the detector input signals 90° at 
450 kHz (the other input is unshifted in phase). When 
modulation occurs, the frequency of the IF signal 
changes at an audio rate as does the phase of the 
shifted signal. The detector, which has no output with 
a 90° phase shift, converts this phase shift into an 
audio signal. Inductor L219 is tuned to provide 
maximum undistorted output from the detector.
The audio signal is then fed internally to an audio 
amplifier. The gain of this stage is set at about three by 
R255 and R256. The audio output signal on pin 8 is 
then fed to the audio/logic board. 
Also in U201 is an RSSI detector which provides 
a temperature compensated RSSI (Receive Signal 
Strength Indicator) signal on pin 5. This is a low 
impedance (2k ohm) output with a dynamic range of 
70 dB. It provides an indication of IF signal strength 
which changes in proportion to changes in signal 
strength. It is routed to an A/D input of the microcon-
troller (pin 59) and used along with the squelch signal 
to determine receive signal strength. R259/C304 and 
R258/C303 provide low pass filtering, and C305 and 
C306 decouple RF on the audio and RSSI output lines.
IF
Amp
RSSI
Mixer
Oscillator
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
Quad
Limiter
Vreg
+ -
- +
Audio
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
E
B
Gnd
UHF RECEIVER DESCRIPTION