eutech-instruments fluoride epoxy Manuale Utente
Instruction Manual
Fluoride Electrode
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS .......................................................................................................... 3
Introduction................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Required Equipment ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
Required Solutions........................................................................................................................................................ 3
Required Equipment ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
Required Solutions........................................................................................................................................................ 3
GENERAL PREPARATION............................................................................................................ 4
Electrode Preparation.................................................................................................................................................... 4
Electrode Slope Check (with pH/mV meter) ................................................................................................................ 4
Electrode Slope Check (with ion meter) ....................................................................................................................... 5
Electrode Slope Check (with pH/mV meter) ................................................................................................................ 4
Electrode Slope Check (with ion meter) ....................................................................................................................... 5
MEASUREMENT.............................................................................................................................. 5
Measuring Hints............................................................................................................................................................ 5
Sample Requirements ................................................................................................................................................... 6
Units of Measurement................................................................................................................................................... 6
Sample Requirements ................................................................................................................................................... 6
Units of Measurement................................................................................................................................................... 6
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE ................................................................................................... 6
Direct Measurement...................................................................................................................................................... 6
Direct Measurement of Fluoride (using a pH/mV meter) ............................................................................................. 6
Direct Measurement of Fluoride (using an ion meter).................................................................................................. 8
Direct Measurement of Fluoride in Water (ASTM D1179, METHOD B) ................................................................... 8
Direct Measurement of Fluoride in Acid Solutions ...................................................................................................... 9
Direct Measurement of Fluoride in Alkaline Solutions ................................................................................................ 9
Low Level Fluoride Measurements (using a pH/mV meter) ...................................................................................... 10
Low Level Fluoride Determination (using an ion meter) ........................................................................................... 11
Titration ...................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Titration Procedure for Fluoride Determination ......................................................................................................... 12
Direct Measurement of Fluoride (using a pH/mV meter) ............................................................................................. 6
Direct Measurement of Fluoride (using an ion meter).................................................................................................. 8
Direct Measurement of Fluoride in Water (ASTM D1179, METHOD B) ................................................................... 8
Direct Measurement of Fluoride in Acid Solutions ...................................................................................................... 9
Direct Measurement of Fluoride in Alkaline Solutions ................................................................................................ 9
Low Level Fluoride Measurements (using a pH/mV meter) ...................................................................................... 10
Low Level Fluoride Determination (using an ion meter) ........................................................................................... 11
Titration ...................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Titration Procedure for Fluoride Determination ......................................................................................................... 12
ELECTRODE CHARACTERISTICS........................................................................................... 13
Reproducibility ........................................................................................................................................................... 13
Interference ................................................................................................................................................................. 13
Complexation .............................................................................................................................................................. 14
Temperature Influences .............................................................................................................................................. 14
Electrode Response..................................................................................................................................................... 14
Limits of Detection ..................................................................................................................................................... 15
pH Effects ................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Electrode Life.............................................................................................................................................................. 16
Electrode Storage ........................................................................................................................................................ 17
Interference ................................................................................................................................................................. 13
Complexation .............................................................................................................................................................. 14
Temperature Influences .............................................................................................................................................. 14
Electrode Response..................................................................................................................................................... 14
Limits of Detection ..................................................................................................................................................... 15
pH Effects ................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Electrode Life.............................................................................................................................................................. 16
Electrode Storage ........................................................................................................................................................ 17
ELECTRODE THEORY ................................................................................................................ 17
Electrode Operation .................................................................................................................................................... 17
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE .................................................................................................... 18
Meter ........................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Plastic-ware................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Electrodes.................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Standards and Reagents .............................................................................................................................................. 19
Sample ........................................................................................................................................................................ 19
Technique.................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Plastic-ware................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Electrodes.................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Standards and Reagents .............................................................................................................................................. 19
Sample ........................................................................................................................................................................ 19
Technique.................................................................................................................................................................... 19
TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS..................................................................................................... 20
SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................................................................................... 22
ORDERING INFORMATION....................................................................................................... 22