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Depending on the light shining on the solar module, the LED flashes more or less brightly. With little 
incidence of light, the flashing can barely be seen. Now insert the electrolytic capacitor as well. At first, 
the LED no longer flashes for some time, but also more brightly with little light.  
 
Additional experiment: Insert another LED, e.g., the red one, instead of the series resistor in series to 
the flashing LED. Now you suddenly have two flashing LEDs. 
 
Fig. 24a: Circuit diagram: flashing LED and red LED in series connection 
 
Fig. 24b: Patch panel set-up: flashing LED and red LED in series connection 
 

7. 

Step: Solar power – high energy? 

Experimental set-up: Solar module, patch panel, bright orange LED, 100 µF electrolytic capacitor, 
4,700 µF electrolytic capacitor 
 

This experiment also works with little light (cloudy sky); the charging times are shortened 
with a strong light source. 

 
The LED solar flashing light can be set up with the simplest means. Depending on the light available, 
when pressing the switch-key the LED produces a bright flashing light after a charging time of a few 
seconds. 
 
Fig. 25: Set-up of the LED solar flashing light 
 
You can make the switch-key yourself from the wire included. 
 
Fig. 26: Wire switch or switch-key from the hook-up wire of the educational kit 
 
Fig. 27: Circuit diagram: solar flashing light, alternatively with the small and the larger electrolytic 
capacitor 
 
First experiment with the small 100 μF electrolytic capacitor and replace it in the second experiment 
with the larger 4,700 µF electrolytic capacitor. Due to the low voltage, the flash energy amounts to only 
about two mWs. A relatively small charging current is required, which the solar module can supply 
without any problem. Depending on the light source, the electrolytic capacitor is sufficiently charged 
after a few seconds. Now cover the solar module and afterward briefly press the switch-key. The LEDs 
flash briefly. Only a little residual brightness remains if low current continues to be supplied through 
the solar module. 
 

8. 

Step: Preparing the solar drive 

Experimental set-up: 1 solar motor, patch panel, pin contact strip, disc 
 
As with the solar module, the connection lines of the motor are made of flex. Connect the black and 
the red cable to the patch panel. It is recommended that the black connection be inserted in the lower 
bar and the red connection (+) be inserted into a contact in the row of five, as shown in Fig. 28. 
 
Fig. 28: The connection lines of the solar motor (flex ends) can also be directly inserted in the patch 
panel, but pins can stabilise the connection.  
 
In order to be able to tell whether the motor shaft is turning during the experiments, it makes sense to 
mount the disc included on the motor shaft. For this, pre-drill a hole in the centre with a needle. Put the 
cardboard disc on the axle of the motor.  
 
Fig. 29: Preparing cardboard disc for mounting 
 
Fig. 30: Cardboard disc mounted on motor axle: a) from above, b) from the side  
 

9. 

Step: Converting solar energy into motion  

Experimental set-up: solar module, patch panel, motor with disc