GE EPM 5200 Benutzerhandbuch
CHAPTER 1: AC POWER MEASUREMENT
CONSUMPTION, DEMAND AND POOR POWER FACTOR
EPM 5300 SERIES ADVANCED POWER METERS – INSTRUCTION MANUAL
1–5
1.3
Consumption, Demand and Poor Power Factor
CONSUMPTION:
W = instantaneous power T = time in hours
The total electric energy usage over a time period is the consumption of WH.
Typically, the unit in which consumption is specified is the kilowatt-hour (KWH): one
thousand watts consumed over one hour. Utilities use the WH equation to determine the
overall consumption in a billing period.
thousand watts consumed over one hour. Utilities use the WH equation to determine the
overall consumption in a billing period.
DEMAND: Average energy consumed over a specified time interval. The utility determines
the interval, typically 15 or 30 minutes. The utility measures the maximum demand over a
billing period. This measurement exhibits a deviation from average consumption, causing
the utility to provide generating capacity to satisfy a high maximum consumption demand.
The highest average demand is retained in the metering system until the demand level is
reset.
the interval, typically 15 or 30 minutes. The utility measures the maximum demand over a
billing period. This measurement exhibits a deviation from average consumption, causing
the utility to provide generating capacity to satisfy a high maximum consumption demand.
The highest average demand is retained in the metering system until the demand level is
reset.
POOR POWER FACTOR: Results in reactive power consumption. Transferring reactive
power over a distribution network causes energy loss. To force consumers to correct their
Power Factor, utilities monitor reactive power consumption and penalize the user for Poor
Power Factor.
power over a distribution network causes energy loss. To force consumers to correct their
Power Factor, utilities monitor reactive power consumption and penalize the user for Poor
Power Factor.
T
W
=
WH
×