Mikroelektronika MIKROE-738 Datenbogen

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Array is the simplest and most commonly used structured type. A variable of array type is actually an array of objects 

of the same type. These objects represent elements of an array and are identified by their position in array. An array 

consists of a contiguous region of storage exactly large enough to hold all of its elements.

Array Declaration

Array declaration is similar to variable declaration, with the brackets added after identifer:

This declares an array named as 

 and composed of elements of 

. The 

 can be any scalar type 

(except 

), user-defined type, pointer, enumeration, or another array. Result of 

 within the 

brackets determines a number of elements in array. If an expression is given in an array declarator, it must evaluate to 

a positive constant integer. The value is a number of elements in an array.

Each of the elements of an array is indexed from 0 to the number of elements minus one. If a number of elements is

 n

, 

elements of array can be approached as variables 

 

of

.

Here are a few examples of array declaration:

#define MAX = 50

int   vector_one[10];          /* declares an array of 10 integers */

float  vector_two[MAX];         /* declares an array of 50 floats   */

float  vector_three[MAX - 20];  /* declares an array of 30 floats   */

Array Initialization

An array can be initialized in declaration by assigning it a comma-delimited sequence of values within braces. When 

initializing an array in declaration, you can omit the number of elements – it will be automatically determined according 

to the number of elements assigned. For example:

int days[12] = {31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};

int days[] = {31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};

If you specify both the length and starting values, the number of starting values must not exceed the specified length. The opposite 

is possible, in this case the trailing “excess” elements will be assigned to some encountered runtime values from memory.

In case of array of 

char

, you can use a shorter string literal notation. For example:

const char msg1[] = {‘T’, ‘e’, ‘s’, ‘t’, ‘\0’};

const char msg2[] = “Test”;

For more information on string literals, refer to String Constants.