Benutzerhandbuch für IBM 000-8697

IBM

Benutzerhandbuch (English)

Benutzerhandbuch

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Table of Contents
3
Introduction
15
Installation and Initial Configuration
35
- In This Chapter
  39
- Define Your Starting Point
  40
  - Upgrade an Earlier Version of OnLine
    41
  - Overview of OnLine Installation Steps
    44
- Overview of OnLine Initial Configuration Tasks
  44
  - OnLine Configuration Files
    45
  - Contents of tbconfig.std
    47
- Set Up Your Initial Configuration
  54
  - Root Dbspace Configuration Guidelines
    55
    - ROOTNAME
      55
    - ROOTPATH
      56
    - ROOTOFFSET
      56
    - ROOTSIZE
      57
  - Mirroring Configuration Guidelines
    58
    - MIRROR
      58
    - MIRRORPATH
      58
    - MIRROROFFSET
      59
  - Physical Log Configuration Guidelines
    59
    - PHYSDBS
      59
    - PHYSFILE
      59
  - Logical Log Configuration Guidelines
    60
    - LOGFILES
      61
    - LOGSIZE
      61
  - Message File Guidelines
    62
    - MSGPATH
      62
    - CONSOLE
      62
  - Archive Tape Device Guidelines
    62
    - TAPEDEV
      62
    - TAPEBLK
      63
    - TAPESIZE
      63
  - Logical Log Tape Device Guidelines
    63
    - LTAPEDEV
      64
    - LTAPEBLK
      64
    - LTAPESIZE
      65
  - Identification Parameter Guidelines
    65
    - SERVERNUM
      65
    - DBSERVERNAME
      66
  - Shared-Memory Parameter Guidelines
    66
    - RESIDENT
      66
    - USERS
      67
    - TRANSACTIONS
      67
    - LOCKS
      67
    - BUFFERS
      68
    - TBLSPACES
      68
    - CHUNKS
      69
    - DBSPACES
      69
    - PHYSBUFF
      69
    - LOGBUFF
      69
    - LOGSMAX
      70
    - CLEANERS
      70
    - SHMBASE
      70
    - CKPTINTVL
      71
    - LRUS
      71
    - LRU_MAX_DIRTY
      71
    - LRU_MIN_DIRTY
      71
    - LTXHWM
      72
    - LTXEHWM
      72
  - Machine- and Product-Specific Parameter Guidelines
    73
    - DYNSHMSZ
      73
    - GTRID_CMP_SZ
      73
    - DEADLOCK_TIMEOUT
      73
    - TXTIMEOUT
      73
    - SPINCNT
      74
  - OnLine Disk Space Allocation
    74
- Configuration Checklist
  84
- Enter Your Configuration and Initialize OnLine
  85
  - Setting Shared Memory Parameters
    87
  - Initialize OnLine
    88
  - Set Your Environment Variables
    88
    - SQLEXEC
      89
    - TBCONFIG
      89
  - Modify UNIX Startup and Shutdown Scripts
    90
    - Startup
      91
    - Shutdown
      92
  - Create Blobspaces and Dbspaces
    93
- Errors During Initialization
  93
  - OnLine Error Message Format
    94
  - UNIX Error Message Format
    94
System Architecture
95
- In This Chapter
  101
- Initialization
  101
- OnLine User Processes
  116
- OnLine Daemon Processes
  127
  - tbinit Daemon
    127
  - tbundo Daemon
    128
  - tbpgcl Daemon
    128
- Shared Memory and Process Communication
  130
  - Shared Memory and Buffer Locks
    132
    - Buffer Share Lock
      132
    - Buffer Update Lock
      132
    - Buffer Exclusive Lock
      133
  - Managing Shared-Memory Resources
    133
    - Shared-Memory Latches
      135
    - OnLine Timestamps
      138
    - Hash Tables and the Hashing Technique
      140
  - Shared-Memory Header
    141
  - Shared-Memory Internal Tables
    142
    - OnLine Buffer Table
      142
    - OnLine Chunk Table
      143
    - OnLine Dbspace Table
      144
    - OnLine Latch Table
      145
    - OnLine Lock Table
      145
    - OnLine Page-Cleaner Table
      146
    - OnLine Tblspace Table
      146
    - OnLine Transaction Table
      148
    - OnLine User Table
      148
  - Shared-Memory Buffer Pool
    149
    - Regular Buffers
      150
    - Big Buffers
      150
  - OnLine LRU Queues
    151
  - LRU Queues and Buffer Pool Management
    152
    - LRU_MAX_DIRTY
      153
    - LRU_MIN_DIRTY
      153
  - How a User Process Acquires a Buffer
    154
  - Physical Log Buffer
    157
    - Double Buffering
      158
    - Causes of Flushing
      158
    - Flushing a Full Buffer
      159
  - Logical Log Buffer
    160
    - Triple Buffering
      160
    - Buffer Contents
      162
    - Causes of Flushing
      162
    - Flushing a Full Buffer
      163
  - OnLine Checkpoints
    164
    - Main Events During a Checkpoint
      164
    - Initiating a Checkpoint
      164
    - Fast Recovery
      165
    - Archive Checkpoints
      165
  - What Happens During a Checkpoint
    166
  - When the Daemons Flush the Buffer Pool
    167
  - How OnLine Synchronizes Buffer Flushing
    168
  - Write Types Describe Flushing Activity
    169
    - Sorted Write
      170
    - Idle Write
      170
    - Foreground Write
      171
    - LRU Write
      171
    - Chunk Write
      171
    - Big-Buffer Write
      172
  - Writing Data to a Blobspace
    172
- Disk Data Structures
  175
  - OnLine Disk Space Terms and Definitions
    175
    - Chunk
      176
    - Page
      176
    - Blobpage
      178
    - Dbspace and Blobspace
      178
    - Database
      179
    - Tblspace
      179
    - Extent
      179
    - Physical Log
      180
    - Logical Log
      180
  - Structure of the Root Dbspace
    181
  - Structure of a Regular Dbspace
    183
  - Structure of an Additional Dbspace Chunk
    184
  - Structure of a Blobspace
    185
  - Structure of a Blobspace or Dbspace Mirror Chunk
    186
  - OnLine Limits for Chunks
    187
  - Reserved Pages
    189
    - PAGE_PZERO
      191
    - PAGE_CONFIG
      191
    - PAGE_CKPT
      191
    - PAGE_DBSP
      193
    - PAGE_PCHUNK
      194
    - PAGE_MCHUNK
      195
    - PAGE_ARCH
      196
  - Chunk Free-List Page
    197
  - tblspace Tblspace
    198
    - tblspace Tblspace Entries
      199
    - Tblspace Number
      199
    - tblspace Tblspace Size
      200
    - tblspace Tblspace Bit-Map Page
      201
  - Database Tblspace
    201
  - Create a Database: What Happens on Disk
    202
    - Allocate Disc Space
      203
    - Track Systems Catalogs
      203
  - OnLine Limits for Databases
    204
  - Create a Table: What Happens on Disk
    204
    - Allocate Disc Space
      205
    - Add Entry to tblspace Tblspace
      205
    - Add Entry to System Catalog Tables
      205
  - Create a Temporary Table: What Happens on Disk
    207
    - Placement
      207
    - Tracking
      207
    - Cleanup
      208
  - Structure of an Extent
    208
    - Extent Size
      208
    - Page Types
      209
  - Next Extent Allocation
    211
  - Structure of a Dbspace Page
    214
    - Page Header
      215
    - Timestamp
      215
    - Slot Table
      215
  - Data Row Format and Rowid
    217
  - Data Pages and Data Row Storage
    219
    - Single-Page Storage
      220
    - Multipage Storage
      221
    - Storage of Modified Rows
      223
    - Page Compression
      227
  - Structure of an Index Page
    227
    - The Root Node Page
      228
    - Leaf Node Pages
      230
    - Index Key Entries
      232
    - Branch Node Pages
      235
  - Structure of a Dbspace Bit-Map Page
    237
    - 2-Bit Bit-Mapped Pages
      237
    - 4-Bit Bit-Mapped Pages
      238
  - Blob Storage and the Blob Descriptor
    239
  - Structure of a Dbspace Blob Page
    240
  - Blobspace Page Types
    242
    - Blobspace Free-Map Page
      242
    - Blobspace Bit-Map Page
      242
    - Blobpage
      243
  - Structure of a Blobspace Blobpage
    243
- Physical Log
  246
- Logical Log Files
  248
  - Fast Recovery and Data Restore
    248
  - File Rotation
    249
  - File Contents
    250
  - Number and Size
    250
  - Blobspace Logging
    252
  - Long Transactions
    253
Operating OnLine
257
- In This Chapter
  261
- Changing Modes
  262
  - Types of OnLine Modes
    262
    - Offline Mode
      263
    - Quiescent Mode
      263
    - Online Mode
      263
    - Recovery Mode
      263
    - Shutdown Mode
      263
  - From Offline to Quiescent
    264
  - From Offline to Online
    264
  - From Quiescent to Online
    265
  - Gracefully from Online to Quiescent
    266
  - Immediately from Online to Quiescent
    267
  - From Any Mode Immediately to Offline
    268
- Logical Log Administration
  269
  - Examine Your Logical Log Configuration
    270
    - Your Configuration File
      270
    - Logical Log File Backups
      270
    - Freeing the Logical Log Files
      271
    - Verify the Size and Number of Files
      271
    - Configuration Parameters
      272
    - LTAPEBLK and LTAPESIZE
      273
    - Location of Logical Log Files
      274
  - Change Pathname of Logical Log Tape Device
    274
  - Change Block Size of Logical Log Tape Device
    277
  - Change Tape Size of Logical Log Tape Device
    278
  - Change Maximum Number of Logical Log Files
    279
  - Change Size of Logical Log Files
    280
  - Logical Log File Status
    282
  - Logical Log File ID Numbers
    283
  - Add a Logical Log File
    284
  - Drop a Logical Log File
    286
  - Move a Logical Log File to Another Dbspace
    287
  - Change the Logging Status of a Database
    289
  - Back Up a Logical Log File
    292
  - Start Continuous Logical Log Backup
    293
  - End Continuous Logical Log Backup
    294
  - Switch to the Next Logical Log File
    295
  - Free a Logical Log File
    295
    - Long Transactions
      296
    - Status A
      297
    - Status U
      297
    - Status U-B
      297
    - Status U-C
      297
    - Status U-B-L
      297
  - If the Logical Log Backup Cannot Complete
    298
- Archive Administration
  299
  - Archive Types
    299
    - Level-0 Archive
      300
    - Level-1 Archive
      301
    - Level-2 Archive
      301
    - Incremental Archive Strategy
      301
  - How Long Will an Archive Take?
    302
  - Plan the Archive Schedule
    303
    - Minimize Restore Time
      304
    - Minimize Archive Time
      305
    - Online Archives
      305
    - Single Tape Drive
      305
    - Operator Availability
      306
  - Examine Your Archive Configuration
    306
    - Your Configuration File
      306
    - The Archives
      307
    - TAPEDEV Configuration Parameter
      307
    - TAPEBLK and TAPESIZE
      308
  - Change Pathname of Archive Tape Device
    308
  - Change Block Size of Archive Tape Device
    311
  - Change Tape Size of Archive Tape Device
    312
  - Create an Archive, Any Type
    313
  - If the Logical Log Files Fill During an Archive
    315
    - Two Tape Drives
      315
    - One Tape Drive
      316
  - If an Archive Terminates Prematurely
    316
- Monitor OnLine Activity
  317
  - Monitor Archive History
    317
  - Monitor Blobs in a Blobspace
    319
  - Monitor Blobs in a Dbspace
    321
  - Monitor Buffers
    322
    - tbstat -b
      322
    - tbstat -X
      322
    - tbstat -B
      323
    - tbstat -p
      323
  - Monitor Buffer-Pool Activity
    324
    - tbstat -F
      324
    - tbstat -R
      325
    - tbstat -D
      325
  - Monitor Checkpoints
    325
  - Monitor Chunks
    326
  - Monitor Configuration Information
    329
  - Monitor Databases
    330
  - Monitor Dbspaces
    331
  - Monitor Disk Pages
    333
  - Monitor Extents
    334
  - Monitor Index Information
    335
  - Monitor Logging Activity
    336
  - Monitor the Message Log
    338
  - Monitor OnLine Profile
    339
  - Monitor Shared Memory and Latches
    340
  - Monitor Tblspaces
    341
  - Monitor Users and Transactions
    342
- Modify OnLine Configuration
  343
- Things to Avoid
  372
Data Consistency, Recovery, and Migration
373
- In This Chapter
  377
- Consistency Checking
  378
  - Using the tbcheck Commands
    378
    - tbcheck -cr
      379
    - tbcheck -cc
      379
    - tbcheck -ce
      379
    - tbcheck -cI
      380
    - tbcheck -cD
      380
  - Using the OnLine Message Log
    380
  - Setting Consistency-Checking Variables
    381
    - GCORE
      382
    - DUMPCORE
      383
    - DUMPSHMEM
      383
    - DUMPDIR
      384
  - Recovering from Corruption
    384
- Mirroring
  386
  - Beginning
    387
  - Processing
    388
  - Recovery
    389
  - Ending
    389
- OnLine Logging Overview
  390
  - Dbspace Logging
    391
  - Blobspace Logging
    394
    - Operations Logging
      396
    - Operations Rollback
      396
    - Blob Restoration
      397
- What Happens During Logical Log Backup
  398
  - Ready LTAPEDEV
    399
  - Locate the Next Logical Log
    399
  - Copy Blobpages
    399
  - Place Log Header on Tape
    400
  - Write Log Records to Tape
    401
  - Write Trailer Page
    402
- What Happens During an Archive
  402
  - Read Archive History Information
    403
  - Mount a Tape on TAPEDEV
    403
  - Verify the Archive Level
    404
  - Check Free Space in the Logical Log
    404
  - Force a Checkpoint
    404
    - Purpose of Checkpoint Timestamp
      405
    - Purpose of Data Snapshot
      405
  - Synchronize tbtape and tbinit Activities
    405
    - Archive Disk Pages
      406
    - Archive blobpages
      407
  - Write Tape Header Page
    407
  - Archive Reserved Pages
    408
  - Determine Archive Criteria
    409
  - Archive Disk Pages That Meet Criteria
    410
  - Monitor and Archive Physical Log Pages
    410
  - Write a Trailer Page
    410
  - Update the Reserved Pages
    410
- Fast Recovery
  411
- Data Restore: When Should You Do It?
  417
- Database and Table Migration
  424
  - Description of Migration Methods
    426
    - UNLOAD/dbschema/LOAD
      426
    - UNLOAD/dbschema/dbload
      426
    - dbexport/dbimport
      427
    - tbunload/tbload
      427
  - Which Migration Method Is Best for You?
    429
  - Using UNLOAD with LOAD or dbload
    432
  - Using dbexport and dbimport
    434
  - Using tbunload and tbload
    435
    - tbunload
      436
    - tbload
      436
  - Migrating Data from OnLine to SE
    437
  - Migrating Data from SE to OnLine
    438
How to Improve Performance
441
- In This Chapter
  443
- Disk Layout
  444
- Optimize Blobspace Blobpage Size
  445
- Eliminate User-Created Resource Bottlenecks
  448
- When Is Tuning Needed?
  450
  - % Cached Fields
    450
  - ovtbls, ovlock, ovuser, and ovbuff Fields
    451
  - Bufsize Pages/IO Fields
    451
- Shared-Memory Buffers
  453
  - When Is Tuning Necessary?
    453
  - How Is Tuning Done?
    453
- Shared-Memory Resources
  454
  - When Is Tuning Necessary?
    454
  - How Is Tuning Done?
    455
- Log Buffer Size
  455
  - Logging Status
    455
  - How Is Tuning Done?
    456
- Page-Cleaner Parameters
  457
  - Efficient Page Cleaning
    457
  - How Is Tuning Done?
    459
- Checkpoint Frequency
  460
  - Performance Tradeoffs
    460
  - How Is Tuning Done?
    461
- Psort Parallel-Process Sorting Package
  462
  - How Psort Works
    462
  - Tuning Psort
    463
  - Psort and Shared Memory
    464
- SPINCNT Configuration Parameter
  464
DB-Monitor Screens
467
- In This Chapter
  469
  - Main Menu
    470
  - Status Menu
    471
  - Parameters Menu
    472
  - Dbspaces Menu
    473
  - Mode Menu
    474
  - Force-Ckpt Option
    475
  - Archive Menu
    476
  - Logical-Logs Menu
    477
Utilities
479
- In This Chapter
  483
- dbexport: Unload a Database and Schema File
  483
  - Syntax
    484
  - Destination Options
    485
  - Contents of the Schema File
    487
- dbimport: Create a Database
  488
  - Syntax
    489
  - Input File Location Options
    490
  - Create Options
    492
- dbload: Load Data from a Command File
  493
  - Syntax
    494
  - Command-File Syntax Check
    496
  - Starting Line Number
    496
  - Batch Size
    497
  - Bad-Row Limits
    498
  - How to Create a Command File
    499
- dbschema: Output SQL Statements
  510
  - Syntax
    510
  - Include Synonyms
    511
  - Include Privileges
    512
  - Specify a Table, View, or Procedure
    513
- tbcheck: Check, Repair, or Display
  514
  - Syntax
    516
  - Option Descriptions
    517
    - No Options
      517
    - -cc Option
      517
    - -cd and -cD Options
      518
    - -ce Option
      518
    - -ci and -cI Options
      518
    - -cr Option
      519
    - -n Option
      519
    - -pB Option
      520
    - -pc Option
      520
    - -pd and -pD Options
      520
    - -pe Option
      521
    - -pk and -pK, -pl and -pL Options
      521
    - -pp and -pP options
      521
    - -pr Option
      522
    - -pt and -pT Options
      522
    - -q Option
      523
    - -y Option
      523
- tbinit: Initialize OnLine
  523
  - Syntax
    524
    - No Options
      524
    - -i Option
      524
    - -p Option
      525
    - -s Option
      525
- tbload: Create a Database or Table
  525
  - Syntax
    526
  - Specify Tape Parameters
    527
  - Create Options
    528
- tblog: Display Logical Log Contents
  529
  - Syntax
    529
  - Log-Record Read Filters
    530
    - -b Option
      530
    - -d Option
      531
    - -n Option
      531
  - Log-Record Display Filters
    532
  - Interpreting tblog Output
    533
    - Record Types
      534
    - Record Contents
      535
- tbmode: Mode and Shared-Memory Changes
  542
  - Syntax
    543
  - Change OnLine Mode
    544
    - -k Option
      544
    - -m Option
      544
    - -s Option
      545
    - -u Option
      545
  - Force a Checkpoint
    545
  - Change Shared-Memory Residency
    546
  - Switch the Logical Log File
    546
  - Kill an OnLine Server Process
    547
  - Kill an OnLine Transaction
    547
- tbparams: Modify Log Configuration Parameters
  548
  - Syntax
    548
  - Add a Logical Log File
    548
  - Drop a Logical Log File
    549
  - Change Physical Log Parameters
    550
- tbspaces: Modify Blobspaces or Dbspaces
  551
  - Syntax
    551
  - Create a Blobspace or Dbspace
    552
  - Drop a Blobspace or Dbspace
    553
  - Add a Chunk
    554
  - Change Chunk Status
    555
- tbstat: Monitor OnLine Operation
  556
  - Syntax
    558
  - Option Descriptions
    560
    - No Options
      560
    - -- Option
      560
    - -a Option
      560
    - -b Option
      560
    - -B Option
      562
    - -c Option
      562
    - -d Option
      562
    - -D Option
      564
    - -F Option
      565
    - -k Option
      566
    - -l Option
      567
    - -m Option
      569
    - -o Option
      569
    - -p Option
      570
    - -P Option
      573
    - -r Option
      573
    - -R option
      573
    - -s Option
      575
    - -t Option
      576
    - -u Option
      577
    - -X Option
      579
    - -z Option
      580
- tbtape: Logging, Archives, and Restore
  580
  - Syntax
    581
  - Request a Logical Log Backup
    582
  - Start Continuous Backups
    582
  - Create an Archive
    583
  - Perform a Data Restore
    583
  - Change Database Logging Status
    584
- tbunload: Transfer Binary Data in Page Units
  585
  - Syntax
    586
  - Specify Tape Parameters
    587
OnLine Message Log
589
- In This Chapter
  591
- OnLine Message Log
  591
- Alphabetized Messages
  593
Product Environment
621
Notices
683
Index
687

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