Garmin 400-500 User Manual

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Section 1
TIS Operation and Symbology
TIS Limitations
NOTE:  This section on TIS Limitations is not comprehensive.  Garmin recommends the user 
review the TIS Limitations section of the Aeronautical Information Manual, Section 1-3-5.
TIS is NOT intended to be used as a collision avoidance system and does not relieve the pilot responsibility 
to “see and avoid” other aircraft.  TIS should not be used for avoidance maneuvers during IMC or other times 
when there is no visual contact with the intruder aircraft.  TIS is intended only to assist in visual acquisition 
of other aircraft in VMC.  No recommended avoidance maneuvers are provided for, nor authorized, as a 
direct result of a TIS intruder display or TIS advisory.
While TIS is a useful aid to visual traffic avoidance, it has some system limitations that must be fully 
understood to ensure proper use.  Many of these limitations are inherent in secondary radar surveillance.   
In other words, the information provided by TIS will be no better than that provided to ATC.  TIS will only 
display aircraft with operating transponders installed.  
TIS relies on surveillance of the Mode S radar, which is a “secondary surveillance” radar similar to the 
ATCRBS. TIS operation may be intermittent during turns or other maneuvering.  TIS is dependent on two-
way, “line-of-sight” communications between the aircraft and the Mode S radar.  Whenever the structure of 
the client aircraft comes between the transponder antenna (usually located on the underside of the aircraft) 
and  the  ground-based  radar  antenna,  the  signal  may  be  temporarily  interrupted.  Other  limitations  and 
anomalies associated with TIS are described in the AIM, Section 1-3-5.
Garmin is not responsible for Mode S  
geographical coverage. Operation of the 
ground stations is the responsibility of the 
FAA. Refer to the Aeronautical Information 
Manual for a Terminal Mode S Radar Site 
Map covering the U.S.
NOTE: TIS will be unavailable at low 
altitudes in many areas of the U.S., particu-
larly in mountainous regions. Also, when 
flying near the “floor” of radar coverage in 
a particular area, intruders below the client 
aircraft may not be detected by TIS.