Microchip Technology Microstick for the 3V PIC24F K-series DM240013-1 DM240013-1 Data Sheet

DS31037B-page 48

 2011 Microchip Technology Inc.

The PIC24F Flash program memory array is organized
into rows of 32 instructions or 96 bytes. RTSP allows
the user to erase blocks of 1 row, 2 rows and 4 rows
(32, 64 and 128 instructions) at a time, and to program
one row at a time.
The 1-row (96 bytes), 2-row (192 bytes) and 4-row
(384 bytes) erase blocks and single row write block
(96 bytes) are edge-aligned, from the beginning of
program memory.
When data is written to program memory using TBLWT
instructions, the data is not written directly to memory.
Instead, data written using table writes is stored in holding
latches until the programming sequence is executed.
Any number of TBLWT instructions can be executed
and a write will be successfully performed. However,
32 TBLWT instructions are required to write the full row
of memory.
The basic sequence for RTSP programming is to set up
a Table Pointer, then do a series of TBLWT instructions to
load the buffers. Programming is performed by setting
the control bits in the NVMCON register.
Data can be loaded in any order and the holding regis-
ters can be written to multiple times before performing
a write operation. Subsequent writes, however, will
wipe out any previous writes. 

All of the table write operations are single-word writes
(two instruction cycles), because only the buffers are writ-
ten. A programming cycle is required for programming
each row.

Enhanced ICSP uses an on-board bootloader, known
as the program executive, to manage the programming
process. Using an SPI data frame format, the program
executive can erase, program and verify program
memory. For more information on Enhanced ICSP, see
the device programming specification.

There are two SFRs used to read and write the
program Flash memory: NVMCON and NVMKEY.
The NVMCON register (

) controls the blocks

that need to be erased, which memory type is to be
programmed and when the programming cycle starts.
NVMKEY is a write-only register that is used for write
protection. To start a programming or erase sequence,
the user must consecutively write 55h and AAh to the
NVMKEY register. For more information, refer to

.

A complete programming sequence is necessary for
programming or erasing the internal Flash in RTSP
mode. During a programming or erase operation, the
processor stalls (waits) until the operation is finished.
Setting the WR bit (NVMCON<15>) starts the
operation and the WR bit is automatically cleared when
the operation is finished.

Writing to a location multiple times without
erasing it is not recommended.