Lucent Technologies 6 User Manual

About Telecommunications 

Page B-1

 

Issue 1

February 1998

2

Many of the terms and concepts involved in telephone communications have 
been in use since Alexander Graham Bell made the first phone call in 1876. 
Because understanding them will help you to understand how the system works, 
this section contains a brief history and description of telephone communications. 

Basically, telephone communications involves four elements:

■

Telephone Extension Equipment (also referred to by an older term, 

telephone station equipment

). The telephone instrument and/or other 

equipment (for example, a fax machine) used to transmit and receive the 
telephone signal.

■

Transmission Facilities. The equipment and media (for example, wire, 
cable, and optical fiber) that provide the communications path that carries 
the telephone signal.

■

Switching Equipment. The equipment that makes the electrical cross 
connections so that the caller is connected to the called party.

■

Signaling. The transmission of information that controls the network, for 
example, alerting the switch that a user wants to make a call, transmitting 
the telephone number of the called party, and alerting the called party of 
the call. Signals also tell the switch about how to make the connections.

This appendix provides information about each of the elements.