Operating GuideTable of ContentsChapter 1: Ultrasonic Measurement of Fasteners91.1 Important Concepts91.1.1 Acoustic Velocity91.1.2 The Use of Ultrasound91.1.3 Initial Pulse and Multi-Echo Measurement Modes101.1.4 Time of Flight and Ultrasonic Length101.1.5 Tensile Load111.1.6 Stress121.1.7 Elongation121.1.8 Modulus of Elasticity (Eo)121.1.9 Stress Factor (K)131.1.10 Temperature Coefficient (Cp)141.1.11 Calibration-Group Correction Factors - Stress Ratio and Offset141.1.12 Fastener Geometry141.2 Principles of BoltMike Operation151.3 Practical Limitations Of Ultrasonic Measurement161.3.1 Material Compatible with Ultrasonic Inspection161.3.2 Significant Fastener Stretch161.3.3 Fastener End-Surface Configuration171.3.4 The Limitations of I.P. and M.E. Measurement Modes17Chapter 2: Fastener Preparation192.1 Fastener End-Surface Machining192.2 Methods Of Transducer Placement202.2.1 Practical Methods202.2.2 Fixtures for Non-Magnetic Fasteners22Chapter 3: Transducer Selection233.1 General Acceptability233.2 Transducer Frequency233.3 Transducer Diameter23Purpose of Instrument and Transducer Zeroing23Chapter 4: Temperature Compensation254.1 Measuring Fastener Temperature254.2 Limits of Accurate Temperature Measurement254.3 Adjusting the Temperature Coefficient26Chapter 5: Selecting Phase27Chapter 6: Fastener Geometry296.1 Approximate Length296.2 Determining Effective Length296.3 Fastener Cross-Sectional Area32Chapter 7: Material Constants337.1 Standard Material Constants337.2 Custom Material Constants337.3 Selecting a Material Constant337.4 Material Variations34Chapter 8: BoltMike Formulas35Appendix: Tabular Data37Size: 1.05 MBPages: 46Language: EnglishOpen manual