ZyXEL Communications Corporation NBG6515 Manual De Usuario

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NBG6515 User’s Guide
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IP Addresses and Subnetting
This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks. 
IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including 
computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the 
network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.
Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use 
subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
Introduction to IP Addresses
One part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same 
way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common 
network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has 
its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets 
to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are 
delivered.
Structure
An IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example, 
192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary 
number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation). 
Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in 
decimal.
The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are 
the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID.