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ATSAM4S-XPLD
699
SAM4S [DATASHEET]
11100E–ATARM–24-Jul-13
Figure 35-7. Transmitter Status
35.7.3.2 Manchester Encoder
When the Manchester encoder is in use, characters transmitted through the USART are encoded based on biphase
Manchester II format. To enable this mode, set the MAN field in the US_MR register to 1. Depending on polarity
configuration, a logic level (zero or one), is transmitted as a coded signal one-to-zero or zero-to-one. Thus, a transition
configuration, a logic level (zero or one), is transmitted as a coded signal one-to-zero or zero-to-one. Thus, a transition
always occurs at the midpoint of each bit time. It consumes more bandwidth than the original NRZ signal (2x) but the
receiver has more error control since the expected input must show a change at the center of a bit cell. An example of
Manchester encoded sequence is: the byte 0xB1 or 10110001 encodes to 10 01 10 10 01 01 01 10, assuming the default
polarity of the encoder.
receiver has more error control since the expected input must show a change at the center of a bit cell. An example of
Manchester encoded sequence is: the byte 0xB1 or 10110001 encodes to 10 01 10 10 01 01 01 10, assuming the default
polarity of the encoder.
Figure 35-8. NRZ to Manchester Encoding
The Manchester encoded character can also be encapsulated by adding both a configurable preamble and a start frame
delimiter pattern. Depending on the configuration, the preamble is a training sequence, composed of a pre-defined
pattern with a programmable length from 1 to 15 bit times. If the preamble length is set to 0, the preamble waveform is
not generated prior to any character. The preamble pattern is chosen among the following sequences: ALL_ONE,
ALL_ZERO, ONE_ZERO or ZERO_ONE, writing the field TX_PP in the US_MAN register, the field TX_PL is used to
configure the preamble length.
delimiter pattern. Depending on the configuration, the preamble is a training sequence, composed of a pre-defined
pattern with a programmable length from 1 to 15 bit times. If the preamble length is set to 0, the preamble waveform is
not generated prior to any character. The preamble pattern is chosen among the following sequences: ALL_ONE,
ALL_ZERO, ONE_ZERO or ZERO_ONE, writing the field TX_PP in the US_MAN register, the field TX_PL is used to
configure the preamble length.
scheme can be configured using the TX_MPOL field in the US_MAN register. If the TX_MPOL field is set to zero
(default), a logic zero is encoded with a zero-to-one transition and a logic one is encoded with a one-to-zero transition. If
the TX_MPOL field is set to one, a logic one is encoded with a one-to-zero transition and a logic zero is encoded with a
zero-to-one transition.
(default), a logic zero is encoded with a zero-to-one transition and a logic one is encoded with a one-to-zero transition. If
the TX_MPOL field is set to one, a logic one is encoded with a one-to-zero transition and a logic zero is encoded with a
zero-to-one transition.
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
TXD
Start
Bit
Parity
Bit
Stop
Bit
Baud Rate
Clock
Start
Bit
Write
US_THR
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
Parity
Bit
Stop
Bit
TXRDY
TXEMPTY
NRZ
encoded
data
Manchester
encoded
data
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
Txd