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Multiple frequency and voltage points for optimal performance and power
efficiency. These operating points are known as P-states.
Frequency selection is software controlled by writing to processor MSRs. The
voltage is optimized based on the selected frequency and the number of active
processor cores.
— Once the voltage is established, the PLL locks on to the target frequency.
— All active processor cores share the same frequency and voltage. In a multi-
core processor, the highest frequency P-state requested among all active
cores is selected.
— Software-requested transitions are accepted at any time. If a previous
transition is in progress, the new transition is deferred until the previous
transition is completed.
The processor controls voltage ramp rates internally to ensure glitch-free
transitions.
Because there is low transition latency between P-states, a significant number of
transitions per-second are possible.
Low-Power Idle States
When the processor is idle, low-power idle states (C-states) are used to save power.
More power savings actions are taken for numerically higher C-states. However,
higher C-states have longer exit and entry latencies. Resolution of C-states occur at
the thread, processor core, and processor package level. Thread-level C-states are
available if Intel Hyper-Threading Technology is enabled.
Caution: 
Long term reliability cannot be assured unless all the Low-Power Idle States are
enabled.
Figure 10.
Idle Power Management Breakdown of the Processor Cores
Thread 0
Thread 1
Core 0 State
Thread 0
Thread 1
Core N State
Processor Package State
4.2.2  
Power Management—Processor
5th Generation Intel
®
 Core
 Processor Family, Intel
®
 Core
 M Processor Family, Mobile Intel
®
 Pentium
®
 Processor Family, and
Mobile Intel
®
 Celeron
®
 Processor Family
March 2015
Datasheet – Volume 1 of 2
Order No.: 330834-004v1
47