Toshiba LEDEUF00019I40 Manuel D’Utilisation

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GLOSSARY

Dimming of lights

LED lights can be dimmed without sacrificing

light quality. This is the main difference from lights

fitted with fluorescent or high-pressure discharge

lamps. Dimming also saves more energy. There are

different types of dimming.

DALI

Luminaires are controlled by the digital DALI (Digital

Addressable Lighting Interface). This standard, adopted

by all manufacturers, overcomes the disadvantages

of the 1 – 10 V principle and is being used in-

creasingly, particularly in more complex installations.

DALI offers a two-wire line that is protected against

polarity reversal, with noise-resistant digital signal transmission,

direct addressability, compact instruction set, error feedback and

defined brightness values which are independent of line length.

DALI is also supported by building and light management systems.

1 – 10 V

Luminaires can be dimmed via the 1 – 10 V interface.

A voltage level between 1 V and 10 V is converted into

corresponding lamp brightness.

Step dimming

Streetlights have a facility for step dimming via

a second, dry-contact circuit. When the second

supply is switched to the lamp, the luminous flux and

power consumption are reduced to approx. 50 %.

This provides a very simple way of reducing the

light level at night, enabling further energy savings

at times when road usage is low.

Phase control
Phase control widely used for incandescent and halogen

lamps dimming this analogic control method apply also

to LED lamps. Because there is no general compatibility

between all dimmers available on the market, Toshiba has

provided a list of recommended dimmers on its website

www.toshiba.eu/lighting

CONSTANT LUMEN OUTPUT

Constant luminous flux over the life of the lamp
The drop in luminous flux due to the LED technology over the

service life of the system is compensated by increasing the

power input. This results in constant and uniform photometric

performance differentiating strongly TOSHIBA products from

standard LED systems whose lumen output drastically drops over

time lighting.

DALI

DIMMABLE

1 –10 V

TIME

POWER CONSUMPTION %

EXAMPLE: STEP DIMMABLE E-CORE LED ROADLIGHT CONTROLLED BY TIMER.

100

21:00

8:00

5:30

1:00

START OF

LIGHTING

START OF

NIGHT-TIME

DIMMING

END OF

NIGHT-TIME

DIMMING

END OF

LIGHTING

NORMAL

ROAD-USE

PERIOD

100 %

LIGHTING

NORMAL

ROAD-USE

PERIOD

100 %

LIGHTING

LOW ROAD-USE

PERIOD

50% LIGHTING

ADDITIONAL

ENERGY SAVINGS

DUE TO POWER

REDUCTION

100 · 50 · 100

STEP-DIMMING

DIMMABLE

10 –100 %

DIMMABILITY

TIME

POWER

CONSUMED

=> DECREASING PHOTOMETRIC PERFORMANCE

ENERGY WASTE

WITHOUT CONSTANT LUMEN OUTPUT

ENERGY WASTE

LUMINOUS FLUX

TIME

POWER

CONSUMED

=> STABLE PHOTOMETRIC PERFORMANCE

OPTIMUM POWER CONSUMPTION

WITH CONSTANT LUMEN OUTPUT

ENERGY SAVING

LUMINOUS FLUX

Basic Photometric Units
There are several photometric base quantities in the definition of

light sources, which characterise different qualities.

Luminous flux ϕ in lm (Lumen)
The total radiating power emitted by a

light source, which the eye perceives as

light.

Luminous intensity I in cd (candela)
The luminous flux of a light source per

solid angle. With the same luminous flux,

the light intensity increases the more the

light source focuses the light.

Illuminance E in lx (Lux)
A measure of lighting power per lit

surface. A minimum luminance is spe-

cified for many visual tasks and must be

considered in the planning of the visual

task and choice of light source.

Colour Rendering Index Ra
Colour Rendering Index (CRI) is a measure of how well a light

source is able to accurately reproduce colours of objects being lit

respective to the colour temperature (CCT) of the light source. The

higher the colour rendering index, the more naturally the colours of

an object are reproduced and therefore perceived by the observer.

The sun has the highest CRI of 100. Most artificial light source

are below that. The colour rendering index is determined using

8 standardised test colour references.

Dimmability by trailing edge phase control

Luminaires can be dimmed very easily using trailing

edge phase control. The advantage of trailing edge

phase control compared with circuits in which the

voltage is controlled by a resistance is that they have

a very low power loss and are widely used in existing

installations. The main disadvantage of trailing edge

phase control is the non-sinusoidal current profile. Because current

and voltage do not have the same shape, so-called distortion

reactive power occurs. Shifting the current backwards compared

with the voltage curve has the same effect as an inductive load,

which electricity supply companies can only tolerate at low

power levels. Leading edge phase control is not recommended

for Toshiba lamps. Because there is no general compatibility

between all dimmers available on the market, Toshiba

has provided a list of recommended dimmers on its website

www.toshiba.eu/lighting

Colour temperature (K Kelvin)
Colour temperature is a measure of the colour effect of a light

source. Colour temperature is defined as the temperature of

a black body which belongs to a particular light colour of this

emission source.

Typical colour temperatures for light sources are:

• below 3300 K = warm white, preferred for interior lighting

• 3300 K to 5300 K = neutral white, typical light colour for office,

industrial and exterior lighting

• above 5300 K = cool white, especially common in exterior

lighting.

L70 service life of LED light sources
LEDs are characterised by their excellent service life. Because

LEDs hardly ever fail completely, the service life is defined as

having an L70 value. Their useful life is considered to be over when

the luminous flux has dropped to 70% of the initial luminous flux.

After this time the LEDs age at a dramatically accelerated rate.

The service life of an LED light source is not set by the LEDs alone,

the other electrical components and the thermal design are also

a factor. Therefore the given service life varies from product to

product.

Power factor λ = cos ϕ
The LED light sources need driver modules to operate which act

capacitively from an electrical point of view. This leads to a phase

shift between voltage and current consumption and consequently

the apparent power S (given in Volt Amperes VA) has an effective

power proportion P (Watts) and a reactive power Q (Volt Ampere

reactive VAr). The relationship between effective power P and

apparent power S is represented as the power factor λ.

LUMINOUS INTENSITY (l/cd)

LUMINOUS FLUX (Phi/lm)

ILLUMINANCE (E/lx)

Distancer

DIMMABLE

10 –100 %

GLOSSARY

Re (S)

VECTOR DIAGRAM OF APPARENT POWER S

S (VA) = Apparent power

P (W) = Effective power

Q (VAr) = Reactive power

Phase shift in °

––

COS

lm(S)

Service life (h)

100%

- 30%

70%

Hours

tiv

e l

s fl

ux (

)

AGEING OF LED LAMPS

L70