STMicroelectronics A 200 W ripple-free input current PFC pre-regulator with the L6563S EVL6563S-200ZRC EVL6563S-200ZRC Fiche De Données
Codes de produits
EVL6563S-200ZRC
AN3180
Zero-ripple current phenomenon: practice
Doc ID 17273 Rev 1
17/39
bobbin, unless mounting clips or gluing are used (quite impractical to use during the cut-
and-try phase). The position of the core inside the bobbin, especially along the direction of
the legs, is critical because it changes the position of the air gap with respect to the
windings. Moving the core causes significant variations of the magnetizing inductance,
therefore it is recommended to fix the cores in a stable position as close as possible to that
of the finished sample before doing any inductance measurement or test on the converter
circuit.
and-try phase). The position of the core inside the bobbin, especially along the direction of
the legs, is critical because it changes the position of the air gap with respect to the
windings. Moving the core causes significant variations of the magnetizing inductance,
therefore it is recommended to fix the cores in a stable position as close as possible to that
of the finished sample before doing any inductance measurement or test on the converter
circuit.
It is now important to determine how much spread can be expected in mass production.
Side-by-side winding arrangements in slotted bobbins are quite commonly used when
making common-mode chokes. For wires which are not too thin (say, above 0.2 mm) with a
good winding machine it is not difficult to have a tolerance of around 4-5 % on the leakage
inductance. As for the self-inductance of one winding, using gapped cores the tolerance on
the AL factor (nH/turn
Side-by-side winding arrangements in slotted bobbins are quite commonly used when
making common-mode chokes. For wires which are not too thin (say, above 0.2 mm) with a
good winding machine it is not difficult to have a tolerance of around 4-5 % on the leakage
inductance. As for the self-inductance of one winding, using gapped cores the tolerance on
the AL factor (nH/turn
2
), deducible from ferrite core catalogs, is 5 % or better for air gaps
>0.1mm for small cores (e.g. an E30/15/7) and for air gaps >0.4 mm in case of bigger cores
(e.g. an E55/28/21). An additional 3 % tolerance has to be typically considered due to the
above mentioned displacement of the core inside the bobbin. It is therefore possible to
assume 5 % tolerance for L
(e.g. an E55/28/21). An additional 3 % tolerance has to be typically considered due to the
above mentioned displacement of the core inside the bobbin. It is therefore possible to
assume 5 % tolerance for L
l1
and 8 % tolerance on L
1
.
Turn ratio n is not subject to production spread, the rounding error just introduces a fixed
mismatch in the zero-ripple current condition. Again, using gapped cores, where the air gap
cannot be adjusted to compensate for the mismatch, the rounding error is 0.5 turns,
therefore the maximum absolute error that it introduces on n is
mismatch in the zero-ripple current condition. Again, using gapped cores, where the air gap
cannot be adjusted to compensate for the mismatch, the rounding error is 0.5 turns,
therefore the maximum absolute error that it introduces on n is
≤
0.5/N
1
and the maximum
relative error is (0.5/N
1
)/n = 0.5/N
2
.
With some simple algebraic manipulations it is possible to find the relative error on the zero-
ripple current condition in
ripple current condition in
due to the spread
δ
l1
and
δ
1
of L
l1
and L
1
,
respectively:
Equation 18
As n is slightly greater than 1 the effect of the spread of L
l1
and L1 is attenuated. For
example, with n=1.3, the resulting maximum spread is
δ = -4.2 % to +3.6 %.
With good approximation, it is possible to consider that this tolerance band is centered on a
value shifted by the rounding error. Referring to
value shifted by the rounding error. Referring to
, the attenuation factor A degrades
more quickly for negative values, therefore it is better to round N
2
to the upper integer, to
provide a “positive offset” to
δ and be in a region where A changes less. Furthermore, if
N
2
=50 turns (rounded up), the rounding error is +1 %, so that the total tolerance band is -3.2
%, +4.6 %.
(
)
1
1
1
1
1
δ
+
δ
−
δ
−
=
δ
l
n