Cisco Cisco Physical Access Reader Module

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Any Internet Protocol (IP) addresses used in this document are not intended to be actual addresses. Any examples, command display output, and 
figures included in the document are shown for illustrative purposes only. Any use of actual IP addresses in illustrative content is unintentional and 
coincidental.

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Address Resolution Protocol. Internet protocol used to map an IP address to 
a MAC address.

Alternate term for service module.

A small subset of the system software that runs on the module. It boots the 
module from the network and assists in software installation and upgrades, 
disaster recovery, and other operations when the module cannot access its 
software.

A small set of system software that runs when the system first powers up. It 
loads the operating system (from the disk, network, or CompactFlash), which 
loads and runs the Cisco <App Name> application. The bootloader may 
optionally load and run the boothelper.

Embedded flash (internal USB flash memory module).

File Transfer Protocol. Application protocol, part of the TCP/IP protocol 
stack, used for transferring files between network nodes.

Network Time Protocol. Protocol built on top of TCP that ensures accurate 
local timekeeping with reference to radio and atomic clocks located on the 
Internet. This protocol is capable of synchronizing distributed clocks within 
milliseconds over long time periods.

Alternate term for service module with installed application software.