Manuali utente per Netgear FVM318 – Cable and DSL ProSafe Wireless VPN Security Firewall

Sommario

• Reference Manual for the Model FVM318 Cable/DSL ProSafe Wireless VPN Security Firewall

  1
• Contents

  5
  • Preface About This Manual

    5
  • Chapter 1 Introduction

    5
  • Chapter 2 Connecting the Firewall to the Internet

    5
  • Chapter 3 Wireless Configuration

    5
  • Chapter 4 Protecting Your Network

    6
  • Chapter 5 Virtual Private Networking

    6
  • Chapter 6 Managing Your Network

    6
  • Chapter 7 Advanced Configuration

    7
  • Chapter 8 Troubleshooting

    7
  • Appendix A Technical Specifications

    8
  • Appendix B Network, Routing, Firewall, and Wireless Basics

    8
  • Appendix C Preparing Your Network

    8
  • Glossary

    9
  • Index

    9
  • List of Procedures

    11
• Preface About This Manual

  13
  • Audience

    13
  • Typographical Conventions

    13
  • Special Message Formats

    14
• Chapter 1 Introduction

  15
  • Key Features of the FVM318

    15
    • Virtual Private Networking (VPN)

      15
    • Enhanced Wireless Security Through IPSec

      16
    • A Powerful, True Firewall with Content Filtering

      16
    • Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink™

      16
    • Extensive Protocol Support

      17
    • Easy Installation and Management

      18
  • What’s in the Box?

    19
    • The Firewall’s Front Panel

      19
      • Figure 11: FVM318 Front Panel

        19
      • Table 11: LED Descriptions

        20
    • The Firewall’s Rear Panel

      21
      • Figure 12: FVM318 Rear Panel

        21
• Chapter 2 Connecting the Firewall to the Internet

  23
  • What You Will Need Before You Begin

    23
    • 1. Have active Internet service such as that provided by an cable or DSL broadband account.

      23
    • 2. Locate the Internet Service Provider (ISP) configuration information for your account.

      23
    • 3. Connect the firewall to a cable or DSL modem and a computer as explained below.

      23
    • Cabling and Computer Hardware Requirements

      23
    • Network Configuration Requirements

      23
    • Internet Configuration Requirements

      24
    • Where Do I Get the Internet Configuration Parameters?

      24
    • Procedure 2-1: Record Your Internet Connection Information

      25
  • Connecting the FVM318 to Your LAN

    26
    • Procedure 2-2: Connecting the Firewall to Your LAN

      26
      • 1. Connect the firewall to your network.

        26
      • 2. Log in to the firewall.

        26
      • 3. Connect to the Internet.

        26
      • 1. Connect the firewall.

        26
        • a. Turn off your computer and cable or DSL Modem.

          26
        • b. Disconnect the Ethernet cable (A) from your computer which connects to the modem.

          26
          • Figure 21: Disconnect the cable or DSL Modem

            26
        • c. Connect the Ethernet cable (A) from the modem to the FVM318’s Internet port.

          27
          • Figure 22: Connect the cable or DSL Modem to the firewall

            27
        • d. Connect the Ethernet cable (B) which came with the firewall from a local port on the router to your computer.

          27
          • Figure 23: Connect the computers on your network to the firewall

            27
        • e. Turn on the modem and wait about 30 seconds for the lights to stop blinking.

          28
        • f. Turn on the firewall and wait for the Test light to stop blinking.

          28
        • g. Now, turn on your computer. If you usually run software to log in to your Internet connection, do not run that software.

          28
        • h. Now that the modem, firewall, and computer are turned on, verify the following:

          28
      • 2. Log in to the firewall.

        28
        • a. Log in to the firewall at its default address of http://192.168.0.1 using a browser like Internet Explorer or Netscape® Navigator.

          28
          • Figure 24: Log in to the firewall.

            28
          • Figure 25: Login window

            29
        • b. For security reasons, the firewall has its own user name and password. When prompted, enter admin for the firewall user name and password for the firewall password, both in lower case letters.

          29
      • 3. Connect to the Internet

        29
        • Figure 26: Setup Wizard

          29
        • a. You are now connected to the firewall. If you do not see the menu above, click the Setup Wizard link on the upper left of the main menu.

          30
        • b. Click Next and follow the steps in the Setup Wizard for inputting the configuration parameters from your ISP to connect to the Internet.

          30
        • c. When the firewall successfully detects an active Internet service, the Setup Wizard reports which connection type it discovered, and displays the appropriate configuration menu. If the Setup Wizard finds no connection, you will be prompted...

          30
        • d. The Setup Wizard will report the type of connection it finds. The options are:

          30
      • PPPoE Wizard-Detected Option

        31
        • Figure 27: Setup Wizard menu for PPPoE accounts

          31
      • Dynamic IP Wizard-Detected Option

        32
        • Figure 28: Setup Wizard menu for Dynamic IP address accounts

          32
      • Fixed IP Account Wizard-Detected Option

        33
        • Figure 29: Setup Wizard menu for Fixed IP address accounts

          33
  • Manually Configuring Your Internet Connection

    34
    • Figure 210: Browser-based configuration Basic Settings menus

      34
    • Procedure 2-3: Configuring the Internet Connection Manually

      35
      • 1. Log in to the firewall at its default address of http://192.168.0.1 using a browser like Internet Explorer or Netscape® Navigator.

        35
      • 2. Click the Basic Settings link under the Setup section of the main menu.

        35
      • 3. If your Internet connection does not require a login, click No at the top of the Basic Settings menu and fill in the settings according to the instructions below. If your Internet connection does require a login, click Yes, and skip to step 3.

        35
        • a. Enter your Account Name (may also be called Host Name) and Domain Name. These parameters may be necessary to access your ISP’s services such as mail or news servers.

          35
        • b. Internet IP Address: If your ISP has assigned you a permanent, fixed (static) IP address for your PC, select “Use static IP address”. Enter the IP address that your ISP assigned. Also enter the netmask and the Gateway IP address. The Gatew...

          35
        • c. Domain Name Server (DNS) Address: If you know that your ISP does not automatically transmit DNS addresses to the firewall during login, select “Use these DNS servers” and enter the IP address of your ISP’s Primary DNS Server. If a Secondar...

          35
        • d. Gateway’s MAC Address: This section determines the Ethernet MAC address that will be used by the firewall on the Internet port. Some ISPs will register the Ethernet MAC address of the network interface card in your PC when your account is ...

          35
        • e. Click Apply to save your settings.

          35
      • 4. If your Internet connection does require a login, fill in the settings according to the instructions below. Select Yes if you normally must launch a login program such as Enternet or WinPOET in order to access the Internet.

        36
        • a. Select your Internet service provider from the drop-down list.

          36
          • Figure 211: Basic Settings ISP list

            36
        • b. The screen will change according to the ISP settings requirements of the ISP you select.

          36
        • c. Fill in the parameters for your ISP according to the Wizard-detected procedures starting on page 29.

          36
        • d. Click Apply to save your settings.

          36
• Chapter 3 Wireless Configuration

  37
  • Considerations For A Wireless Network

    37
    • Observe Performance, Placement and Range Guidelines

      37
    • Implement Appropriate Wireless Security

      38
      • Figure 31: FVM318 wireless data security options

        38
  • Understanding Wireless Settings

    39
    • Figure 32: Wireless Settings menu

      39
    • Wireless Network Settings

      39
    • Restricting Access Based on the Wireless Card Access List

      40
      • Figure 33: Wireless Card Access List menu

        40
    • Choosing Authentication and Security Encryption Methods

      40
      • Figure 34: Encryption Strength

        40
      • Automatic Authentication Scheme Selection

        40
      • Encryption Strength Choices

        41
      • Disable

        41
      • IPSec

        41
        • Figure 35: IPSec main or aggressive mode settings

          41
        • Figure 36: IPSec encryption protocol

          42
      • 64 or 128 bit WEP

        42
        • Figure 37: Encryption Strength

          42
        • Figure 38: 64 or 128 bit WEP encryption strength

          43
    • Procedure 3-1: Set Up and Test Basic Wireless Connectivity

      43
      • 1. Log in to the FVM318 firewall at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its default user name of admin and default password of password, or using whatever LAN address and password you have set up.

        44
      • 2. Click the Wireless Settings link in the main menu of the FVM318 firewall.

        44
        • Figure 39: Wireless Settings menu

          44
      • 3. Choose a suitable descriptive name for the wireless network name (SSID). In the SSID box, enter a value of up to 32 alphanumeric characters. The default SSID is Wireless.

        44
      • 4. Set the Region. Select the region in which the wireless interface will operate.

        44
      • 5. Set the Channel. The default channel is 6.

        44
      • 6. For initial configuration and test, leave the Wireless Card Access List set to “Everyone” and the Encryption Strength set to “Disabled.”

        44
      • 7. Click Apply to save your changes.

        44
      • 8. Configure and test your PCs for wireless connectivity.

        45
    • Procedure 3-2: Restrict Wireless Access by MAC Address

      45
      • 1. Log in to the FVM318 firewall at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its default user name of admin and default password of password, or using whatever LAN address and password you have set up.

        45
      • 2. Click the Wireless Settings link in the main menu of the FVM318 firewall.

        45
      • 3. From the Wireless Settings menu, click the Trusted PCs button to display the Wireless Access menu shown below.

        45
        • Figure 310. Wireless Access menu

          45
      • 4. Enter the MAC address of the authorized PC. Enter a descriptive name for the PC in the Device Name field. The MAC address is usually printed on the wireless card, or it may appear in the firewall’s “Attached Devices” DHCP table.

        46
      • 5. Click Add to save your entry.

        46
      • 6. Click Back to return to the Wireless Settings menu

        46
      • 7. Be sure that the Trusted PCs only radio button is selected, then click Apply.

        46
    • Procedure 3-3: Configure WEP

      46
      • 1. Log in to the FVM318 firewall at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its default user name of admin and default password of password, or using whatever LAN address and password you have set up.

        46
      • 2. Click the Wireless Settings link in the main menu of the FVM318 firewall.

        46
      • 3. From the Security Encryption menu drop-down list, select the WEP encryption type you will use.

        47
        • Figure 311. Wireless Settings encryption menu

          47
      • 4. You can manually or automatically program the four data encryption keys. These values must be identical on all PCs and Access Points in your network.

        47
      • 5. Click Apply to save your settings.

        47
  • Configuring IPSec Wireless Connections

    48
    • Figure 312. Configuring basic wireless IPSec VPN tunnel connections

      48
    • Procedure 3-4: Configure Basic IPSec Wireless Connections

      49
      • 1. Configure the FVM318 settings.

        49
        • a. Log in to the FVM318 at http://192.168.0.1 with its default user name of admin and default password of password, or using whatever user name, password you have set up.

          49
        • b. Click the Wireless link in the main menu Setup section to display the menu shown below.

          49
          • Figure 313. Wireless Settings menu, IPSec selected

            49
        • c. Click the Encryption Strength drop-down list box and select IPSec. The Wireless Settings menu will change to display the list of IPSec connections, as shown in Figure 313:

          49
        • d. Click Add to display the IPSec client setting menu, as shown below.

          50
          • Figure 314. IPSec Client Settings menu

            50
        • e. Enter a descriptive name for this PC in Connection Name. This name is for your convenience only, and is not used in the VPN negotiation.

          50
        • f. Enter the user name. An email address is an easy to remember user name.

          50
        • g. Enter a Pre-Shared Key value for this connection.

          50
        • h. Use the default Aggressive Mode and AES - 256 settings.

          50
      • 2. Install the SafeNet SoftRemote Basic VPN client software.

        50
        • a. Place the FVM318 Resource CD in your CD drive.

          50
        • b. Install the SafeNet SoftRemote Basic VPN client.

          50
          • Figure 315. SafeNet system tray icon with disabled indicator

            50
      • 3. Configure the SoftRemote Basic VPN Client.

        51
        • a. In the taskbar tray, right-click on the SafeNet icon and select Edit Security Policy in the VPN client task menu, as shown below.

          51
          • Figure 316. SafeNet system tray icon menu

            51
          • Figure 317. SafeNet basic configuration menu

            51
        • b. In most cases, you can leave the IPSec Gateway as “LAN Gateway”, which indicates the firewall. If you are not using the firewall as your network’s default gateway, change IPSec Gateway to indicate either the IP Address or the network name ...

          52
        • c. Enter the User Name and the Pre-Shared Key value that you programmed for this PC in the firewall’s IPSec Client Settings menu.

          52
        • d. Click OK.

          52
        • e. In the taskbar tray, right-click on the SafeNet icon and select Activate Security Policy in the task menu. The SafeNet icon will now appear without the red bar, as shown below.

          52
          • Figure 318. SafeNet system tray icon showing enabled condition

            52
      • 4. Test the SoftRemote Basic VPN Connection.

        52
        • a. On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, and then click Run.

          52
        • b. Type ping -t 192.168.0.1 , and then click OK.

          52
          • Figure 319. Run Ping from Windows Start Menu

            52
          • Figure 320. Ping results

            53
          • Figure 321. SafeNet system tray icon showing ON condition

            53
        • c. Once the connection is established, you can open the browser of the PC and browse.

          53
      • Using SoftRemoteLT Instead of SoftRemote Basic

        53
    • Procedure 3-5: Configuring the SoftRemoteLT Full Client

      54
      • 1. Install the SafeNet SoftRemoteLT Full VPN Client

        54
      • 2. Open the Security Policy Editor.

        54
        • Figure 322. SafeNet Security Policy Editor

          54
      • 3. Create a VPN Connection.

        54
        • a. From the Edit menu at the top of the Security Policy Editor window, click Add, then Connection. A New Connection listing will appear in the list of policies.

          55
          • Figure 323. SafeNet Security Policy Editor new connection menu

            55
        • b. Click and rename the New Connection list item to indicate that this is the policy for your local wireless connection, such as Wireless.

          55
        • c. Select Secure on the right side of the Security Policy Editor window in the Connection Security box.

          55
        • d. Select IP Subnet in the ID Type menu.

          55
        • e. Type 0.0.0.0 in the Subnet and Mask fields.

          55
        • f. Select All in the Protocol menu to allow all traffic through the VPN tunnel.

          55
        • g. Check Connect using Secure Gateway Tunnel.

          55
        • h. Select Any in the ID Type menu below the checkbox.

          55
        • i. Select Gateway IP Address in the box to the right of ID Type.

          55
        • j. Enter the LAN IP Address of the FVM318 firewall in the lower right box (usually 192.168.0.1).

          55
      • 4. Configure the Security Policy.

        56
        • a. In the Network Security Policy list on the left side of the Security Policy Editor window, expand the new connection by double clicking its name or clicking on the “+” symbol.

          56
        • b. Click on the Security Policy subheading to show the Security Policy menu.

          56
          • Figure 324. SafeNet Security Policy Editor edit security policy menu

            56
        • c. Select Aggressive Mode in the Select Phase 1 Negotiation Mode box.

          56
        • d. Check the Enable Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) checkbox.

          56
        • e. Select Diffie-Helman Group 2 for PFS Key Group.

          56
        • f. Check the Enable Replay Detection checkbox.

          56
      • 5. Configure the VPN Client Identity

        56
        • a. Click on My Identity in the Network Security Policy list on the left side of the Security Policy Editor window.

          57
          • Figure 325. SafeNet Security Policy Editor edit identity menu

            57
        • b. Choose None in the Select Certificate menu.

          57
        • c. Select Domain Name in the ID Type menu.

          57
        • d. In the box below ID Type, enter the user name that you configured in the FVM318 firewall.

          57
        • e. Select Disabled in the Virtual Adapter box.

          57
        • f. In the Internet Interface box, select your wireless adapter or you may choose Any if you will be switching between adapters or if you have only one adapter.

          57
        • g. Click the Pre-Shared Key button.

          57
        • h. Click the Enter Key button in the Pre-Shared Key dialog box.

          57
        • i. Enter the Pre-Shared Key that you configured in the FVM318 firewall and click OK. Note that this field is case sensitive.

          57
      • 6. Configure VPN Client Authentication Proposal

        57
        • a. In the Network Security Policy list on the left side of the Security Policy Editor window, expand the Security Policy heading by double clicking its name or clicking on the “+” symbol.

          57
        • b. Expand the Authentication subheading by double clicking its name or clicking on the “+” symbol. Then select Proposal 1 below Authentication.

          58
        • c. Select Pre-Shared key in the Authentication Method menu.

          58
        • d. Select AES-256 in the Encrypt Alg menu. If your VPN client does not offer this selection, select Triple DES.

          58
        • e. Select SHA-1 in the Hash Alg menu.

          58
        • f. Select Seconds and enter 21600 in the SA Life menu.

          58
        • g. Select Diffie-Hellman Group 2 in the Key Group menu.

          58
      • 7. Configure VPN Client Key Exchange Proposal.

        58
        • a. Expand the Key Exchange subheading by double clicking its name or clicking on the “+” symbol.

          58
        • b. Select Proposal 1 below Key Exchange.

          58
        • c. In the SA Life menu, select Seconds and enter 21600.

          58
        • d. Select None in the Compression menu.

          58
        • e. Check the Encapsulation Protocol (ESP) checkbox.

          58
        • f. Select AES-256 in the Encrypt Alg menu. If your VPN client does not offer this selection, select Triple DES.

          58
        • g. Select SHA-1 in the Hash Alg menu.

          58
        • h. Select Tunnel in the Encapsulation menu.

          58
        • i. Leave the Authentication Protocol (AH) checkbox unchecked.

          58
      • 8. Save the VPN Client Settings.

        58
• Chapter 4 Protecting Your Network

  59
  • Protecting Access to Your FVM318 firewall

    59
    • Procedure 4-1: Changing the Administrator Password

      59
      • 1. Log in to the firewall at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its default user name of admin and default password of password, or using whatever password and LAN address you have chosen for the firewall.

        59
      • 2. From the main menu of the browser interface, under the Maintenance heading, select Set Password to bring up the menu shown below.

        60
        • Figure 41: Set Password menu

          60
      • 3. To change the password, first enter the old password, and then enter the new password twice.

        60
      • 4. Click Apply to save your changes.

        60
    • Procedure 4-2: Changing the Administrator Login Timeout

      61
      • 1. In the Set Password menu, type a number in ‘Administrator login times out’ field. The suggested default value is 5 minutes.

        61
      • 2. Click Apply to save your changes or click Cancel to keep the current period.

        61
  • Configuring Basic Firewall Services

    61
    • Blocking Functions, Keywords, Sites, and Services

      61
    • Procedure 4-3: Blocking Functions, Keywords, and Sites

      62
      • 1. Log in to the firewall at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its default user name of admin, default password of password, or using whatever password and LAN address you have chosen for the firewall.

        62
      • 2. Click the Block Sites link of the Security section of the main menu to view the screen below.

        62
        • Figure 42: Block Sites menu

          62
      • 3. To block ActiveX, Java, Cookies, or Web Proxy functions for all Internet sites, click the check box next to the function and then click Apply.

        62
      • 4. To enable keyword blocking, check “Turn keyword blocking on”, enter a keyword or domain in the Keyword box, click Add Keyword, then click Apply.

        62
      • 5. To delete a keyword or domain, select it from the list, click Delete Keyword, then click Apply.

        63
      • 6. To specify a Trusted User, enter that PC’s IP address in the Trusted User box and click Apply.

        63
      • Blocking Services

        63
    • Procedure 4-4: Configuring Services Blocking

      64
      • 1. Log in to the firewall at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its default user name of admin, default password of password, or using whatever password and LAN address you have chosen for the firewall.

        64
      • 2. Click the Block Services link of the Security section of the main menu to display this screen.

        64
        • Figure 43: Block Services menu

          64
      • 3. Modify the menu below to define or edit how a service is regulated.

        64
        • Figure 44: Add Block Services menu

          64
      • 4. Click Apply to save your definition.

        65
  • Setting Times and Scheduling Firewall Services

    65
    • Procedure 4-5: Setting Your Time Zone

      66
      • 1. Log in to the firewall at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its default user name of admin, default password of password, or using whatever password and LAN address you have chosen for the firewall.

        66
      • 2. Click on the Schedule link of the Security menu to display the menu shown below.

        66
        • Figure 45: Schedule Services menu

          66
      • 3. Select your Time Zone. This setting will be used for the blocking schedule according to your local time zone and for time-stamping log entries.

        67
      • 4. The firewall has a list of publicly available NTP servers. If you would prefer to use a particular NTP server as the primary server, enter its IP address under Use this NTP Server.

        67
      • 5. Click Apply to save your settings.

        67
    • Procedure 4-6: Scheduling Firewall Services

      67
      • 1. Log in to the firewall at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its default user name of admin, default password of password, or using whatever password and LAN address you have chosen for the firewall.

        67
      • 2. Click on the Schedule link of the Security menu.

        67
      • 3. To block Internet services based on a schedule, select Every Day or select one or more days. If you want to limit access completely for the selected days, select All Day. Otherwise, to limit access during certain times for the selected day...

        67
      • 4. Click Apply to save your changes.

        67
• Chapter 5 Virtual Private Networking

  69
  • FVM318 VPN Overview

    69
    • Figure 51: Secure access through VPN tunnels

      69
  • FVM318 VPN Configuration Planning

    71
    • Procedure 5-1: Configuring a Network to Network VPN Tunnel

      72
      • Figure 52: LAN to LAN VPN access from an FVM318 to an FVM318

        72
      • Network to Network VPN Tunnel Configuration Worksheet

        72
        • 1. Set up the two LANs to have different IP address ranges.

          73
          • a. Log in to the FVM318 on LAN A at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its default user name of admin and password of password. Click the LAN IP Setup link in the main menu Advanced section to display the LAN TCP/IP Setup menu...

            73
            • Figure 53: Configuring the Local LAN (A) via the LAN IP Setup Menu

              73
          • b. For this example, configure the FVM318 settings on LANs A and B as follows:

            73
      • Network Configuration Settings

        73
        • c. Click Apply. Because you changed the firewall’s IP address, you are now disconnected.

          73
        • d. Reboot all PCs on network A.

          73
        • 2. Configure the VPN settings on each FVM318.

          74
          • a. From Setup section of the main menu of the FVM318, click the VPN Settings link. Click Add. The VPN Settings - Main Mode window opens as shown below:

            74
            • Figure 54: VPN Settings - Main Mode IKE Edit menu

              74
          • b. Fill in the Connection Name VPN settings as illustrated.

            74
          • c. Under Secure Association, select Main Mode and fill in the settings below.

            75
          • d. If you need to run Microsoft networking functions such as Network Neighborhood, click the NETBIOS Enable check box to allow NETBIOS traffic over the VPN tunnel.

            75
          • e. Click Apply to save the Security Association tunnel settings into the table.

            75
        • 3. Check the VPN Connection

          76
          • a. Using our example, from a PC attached to the FVM318 on LAN A, on the Windows taskbar click the Start button, and then click Run.

            76
          • b. Type ping -t 192.168.0.1 , and then click OK.

            76
            • Figure 55: Running a Ping test from Windows

              76
          • c. This will cause a continuous ping to be sent to the first FVM318. After between several seconds and two minutes, the ping response should change from “timed out” to “reply.”

            76
            • Figure 56: Ping test results

              76
    • Procedure 5-2: Configuring a Remote PC to Network VPN

      76
      • Figure 57: PC to LAN VPN access from a PC to an FVM318

        77
      • PC to Network VPN Tunnel Configuration Worksheet

        77
        • 1. Configure the VPN Tunnel on the FVM318 on LAN A.

          78
          • a. From the Setup Menu, click the VPN Settings link, then click Add to configure a new VPN tunnel. The VPN Settings - IKE window opens as shown below:

            78
            • Figure 58: VPN Edit menu for connecting with a VPN client

              78
          • b. Fill in the Connection Name VPN settings as illustrated.

            78
          • c. Under Secure Association, select Main Mode and fill in the settings below.

            79
          • d. If you need to run Microsoft networking functions such as Network Neighborhood, click the NETBIOS Enable check box to allow NETBIOS traffic over the VPN tunnel.

            79
          • e. Click Apply to save the Security Association tunnel settings into the table.

            79
        • 2. Install land Configure the SafeNet VPN Client Software on the PC.

          79
          • a. Install the SafeNet Secure VPN Client.

            79
            • Figure 59: Security Policy Editor New Connection

              80
          • b. Add a new connection

            80
          • c. Configure the Security Policy in the SafeNet VPN Client Software.

            81
            • Figure 510: Security Policy Editor Security Policy

              81
          • d. Configure the Global Policy Settings.

            82
            • Figure 511: Security Policy Editor Global Policy Options

              82
          • e. Configure the VPN Client Identity

            82
            • Figure 512: Security Policy Editor My Identity

              83
          • f. Configure the VPN Client Authentication Proposal.

            83
          • g. Configure the VPN Client Key Exchange Proposal.

            84
          • h. Save the VPN Client Settings.

            84
        • 3. Check the VPN Connection.

          85
          • a. Establish an Internet connection from the PC.

            85
          • b. On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, and then click Run.

            85
          • c. Type ping -t 192.168.3.1 , and then click OK.

            85
            • Figure 513: Running a Ping test to the LAN from the PC

              85
            • Figure 514: Ping test results

              85
      • Monitoring the PC VPN Connection Using SafeNet Tools

        86
        • Figure 515: Log Viewer screen

          86
        • Figure 516: Connection Monitor screen

          86
    • Procedure 5-3: Deleting a Security Association

      87
      • 1. Log in to the firewall.

        87
      • 1. Click the VPN Settings link.

        87
      • 2. In the VPN Settings Security Association table, select the radio button for the security association to be deleted.

        87
      • 3. Click the Delete button.

        87
      • 4. Click the Update button.

        87
  • Manual Keying

    87
    • Procedure 5-4: Using Manual Keying as an Alternative to IKE

      87
      • 1. When editing the VPN Settings, you may select manual keying. At that time, the edit menu changes to look like the screen below:

        87
        • Figure 517: VPN Edit menu for Manual Keying

          88
      • 2. Incoming SPI - Enter a Security Parameter Index that the remote host will send to identify the Security Association (SA). This will be the remote host’s Outgoing SPI.

        88
      • 3. Outgoing SPI - Enter a Security Parameter Index that this firewall will send to identify the Security Association (SA). This will be the remote host’s Incoming SPI.

        88
      • 4. For Encryption Protocol, select one:

        89
        • Figure 518: VPN encryption options

          89
        • a. Null - Fastest, but no security.

          89
        • b. DES - The Data Encryption Standard (DES) processes input data that is 64 bits wide, encrypting these values using a 56 bit key. Faster but less secure than 3DES or AES.

          89
        • c. 3DES - (Triple DES) achieves a higher level of security by encrypting the data three times using DES with three different, unrelated keys.

          89
        • d. AES - 128, - 192, or - 256. Most secure. Advanced Encryption Standard, a symmetric 128-bit block data encryption technique. It is an iterated block cipher with a variable block length and a variable key length. The block length and the key...

          89
        • e. Enter a hexadecimal Encryption Key

          89
      • 5. Select the Authentication Protocol

        89
      • 6. Enter 32 hexadecimal characters for the Authentication Key. The authentication key must match exactly the key used by the remote router or host.

        89
      • 7. Click the NETBIOS Enable check box to allow NETBIOS over the VPN tunnel.

        89
      • 8. Click Apply to enter the SA into the table.

        89
  • Blank VPN Tunnel Configuration Worksheets

    90
    • Table 5-1: Network to Network IKE VPN Tunnel Configuration Worksheet

      90
    • Table 5-2: PC to Network IKE VPN Tunnel Settings Configuration Worksheet

      91
• Chapter 6 Managing Your Network

  93
  • Network Management Information

    93
    • Viewing Router Status and Usage Statistics

      93
      • Figure 61: Router Status screen

        93
      • Table 61. Router Status Fields

        94
        • Figure 62. Router Statistics screen

          95
      • Table 62. Router Statistics Fields

        95
    • Viewing Attached Devices

      96
      • Figure 63: Attached Devices menu

        96
    • Viewing, Selecting, and Saving Logged Information

      97
      • Figure 64: Security Logs menu

        97
      • Table 6-5: Security Log entry descriptions

        98
      • Table 6-6: Security Log action buttons

        98
      • Selecting What Information to Include in the Log

        98
      • Enabling SYSLOG

        99
    • Examples of log messages

      99
      • Activation and Administration

        99
      • Dropped Packets

        99
  • Enabling Security Event E-mail Notification

    100
    • Figure 67: E-mail menu

      100
  • Backing Up, Restoring, or Erasing Your Settings

    101
    • Procedure 6-1: Backup the Configuration to a File

      101
      • 1. Log in to the firewall at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its default user name of admin, default password of password, or using whatever password and LAN address you have chosen for the firewall.

        101
      • 2. From the Maintenance heading of the main menu, select Backup to view the menu seen below.

        102
        • Figure 68: Settings Backup menu

          102
      • 3. Click Backup to save a copy of the current settings.

        102
      • 4. Store the.cfg file on a computer on your network.

        102
    • Procedure 6-2: Restore a Configuration from a File

      102
      • 1. Log in to the firewall at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its default user name of admin, default password of password, or using whatever password and LAN address you have chosen for the firewall.

        102
      • 2. From the Maintenance heading of the main menu, select the Settings Backup menu as seen in Figure 68.

        102
      • 3. Enter the full path to the file on your network or click the Browse button to browse to the file.

        102
      • 4. When you have located the .cfg file, click the Restore button to upload the file to the firewall.

        102
      • 5. The firewall will then reboot automatically.

        102
    • Procedure 6-3: Erase the Configuration

      102
      • 1. To erase the configuration, from the Maintenance menu Settings Backup link, click the Erase button on the screen.

        103
      • 2. The firewall will then reboot automatically.

        103
  • Running Diagnostic Utilities and Rebooting the Router

    103
    • Figure 69: Diagnostics menu

      104
  • Enabling Remote Management

    104
    • Procedure 6-4: Configure Remote Management

      104
      • 1. Log in to the firewall at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its default user name of admin, default password of password, or using whatever password and LAN address you have chosen for the firewall.

        104
      • 2. Select the Allow Remote Management check box.

        104
      • 3. Specify what external addresses will be allowed to access the firewall’s remote management. For security, NETGEAR recommends that you restrict access to as few external IP addresses as practical.

        105
        • a. To allow access from any IP address on the Internet, select Everyone.

          105
        • b. To allow access from a range of IP addresses on the Internet, select IP address range. Enter a beginning and ending IP address to define the allowed range.

          105
        • c. To allow access from a single IP address on the Internet, select Only this PC. Enter the IP address that will be allowed access.

          105
      • 4. Specify the Port Number that will be used for accessing the management interface.

        105
      • 5. Click Apply to have your changes take effect.

        105
  • Upgrading the Router’s Firmware

    105
    • Procedure 6-5: Router Upgrade

      106
      • 1. Download and unzip the new software file from NETGEAR.

        106
      • 2. Log in to the firewall at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its default user name of admin, default password of password, or using whatever password and LAN address you have chosen for the firewall.

        106
      • 3. From the main menu of the browser interface, under the Maintenance heading, click Router Upgrade to display the menu shown below.

        106
        • Figure 610: Router Upgrade menu

          106
      • 4. In the Router Upgrade menu, click the Browse button to locate the binary (.BIN or .IMG) upgrade file.

        106
      • 5. Click Upload to load the firmware into the firewall.

        106
• Chapter 7 Advanced Configuration

  107
  • Configuring Advanced Security

    107
    • Setting Up A Default DMZ Server

      107
      • 1. Click Default DMZ Server.

        108
      • 2. Type the IP address for that server.

        108
      • 3. Click Apply.

        108
    • Respond to Ping on Internet WAN Port

      108
  • Configuring LAN IP Settings

    108
    • LAN TCP/IP Setup

      108
    • MTU Size

      110
      • 1. Under MTU Size, select Custom.

        110
      • 2. Enter a new size between 64 and 1500.

        110
      • 3. Click Apply to save the new configuration.

        110
    • Using the Router as a DHCP Server

      110
    • Procedure 7-1: Using Reserved IP Addresses

      111
      • 1. Click the Add button.

        111
      • 2. In the IP Address box, type the IP address to assign to the PC or server. Choose an IP address from the router’s LAN subnet, such as 192.168.0.X.

        111
      • 3. Type the MAC Address of the PC or server.

        111
      • 4. Click Apply to enter the reserved address into the table.

        111
      • 1. Click the radio button next to the reserved address to select the entry you want to edit or delete.

        111
      • 2. Click Edit or Delete.

        111
    • Procedure 7-2: Configuring LAN TCP/IP Settings

      112
      • 1. Log in to the firewall at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its default user name of admin, default password of password, or using whatever password and LAN address you have chosen for the firewall.

        112
      • 2. From the main menu, under Advanced, click the LAN IP Setup link to view the menu, shown below.

        112
        • Figure 71: LAN IP Setup Menu

          112
      • 3. Enter the UPnP, TCP/IP, MTU, or DHCP parameters.

        112
      • 4. Click Apply to save your changes.

        112
      • Configuring Dynamic DNS

        113
    • Procedure 7-3: Configuring Dynamic DNS

      113
      • 1. Log in to the firewall at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its default user name of admin, default password of password, or using whatever password and LAN address you have chosen for the firewall.

        113
      • 2. From the main menu of the browser interface, under Advanced, click on Dynamic DNS.

        113
      • 3. Access the website of one of the dynamic DNS service providers whose names appear in the ‘Select Service Provider’ box, and register for an account. For example, for dyndns.org, go to www.dyndns.org.

        113
      • 4. Select the “Use a dynamic DNS service” check box.

        113
      • 5. Select the name of your dynamic DNS Service Provider.

        113
      • 6. Type the Host Name that your dynamic DNS service provider gave you. The dynamic DNS service provider may call this the domain name. If your URL is myName.dyndns.org, then your Host Name is “myName.”

        113
      • 7. Type the user name for your dynamic DNS account.

        113
      • 8. Type the password (or key) for your dynamic DNS account.

        113
      • 9. If your dynamic DNS provider allows the use of wildcards in resolving your URL, you may select the Use wildcards check box to activate this feature. For example, the wildcard feature will cause *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the sa...

        113
      • 10. Click Apply to save your configuration.

        113
  • Using Static Routes

    114
    • Procedure 7-4: Configuring Static Routes

      115
      • 1. Log in to the firewall at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its default user name of admin, default password of password, or using whatever password and LAN address you have chosen for the firewall.

        115
      • 2. From the main menu of the browser interface, under Advanced, click on Static Routes to view the Static Routes table, shown below.

        115
        • Figure 72: Static Routes Table

          115
      • 3. To add or edit a Static Route, follow these steps:

        115
        • a. Click the Edit button to open the Edit Menu, shown in Figure 73.

          115
          • Figure 73: Static Route Entry and Edit Menu

            115
        • b. Type a route name for this static route in the Route Name box under the table. This is for identification purpose only.

          116
        • c. Click the Active check box to make this route effective.

          116
        • d. Click the Private check box if you want to limit access to the LAN only. The static route will not be reported in RIP.

          116
        • e. Type the Destination IP Address of the final destination.

          116
        • f. Type the IP Subnet Mask for this destination. If the destination is a single host, type 255.255.255.255.

          116
        • g. Type the Gateway IP Address, which must be a router on the same LAN segment as the firewall.

          116
        • h. Type a number between 1 and 15 as the Metric value. This represents the number of routers between your network and the destination. Usually, a setting of 2 or 3 works, but if this is a direct connection, set it to 1.

          116
      • 4. Click Apply to have the static route entered into the table.

        116
• Chapter 8 Troubleshooting

  117
  • Basic Functions

    117
    • 1. When power is first applied, verify that the Power LED is on.

      117
    • 2. Verify that the Test LED lights within a few seconds, indicating that the self-test procedure is running.

      117
    • 3. After approximately 10 seconds, verify that:

      117
      • a. The Test LED is not lit.

        117
      • b. The Local port Link LEDs are lit for any local ports that are connected.

        117
      • c. The Internet Link port LED is lit.

        117
    • Power LED Not On

      118
    • Test LED Never Turns On or Test LED Stays On

      118
    • Local or Internet Port Link LEDs Not On

      118
  • Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface

    119
  • Troubleshooting the ISP Connection

    120
    • 1. Launch your browser and select an external site such as www.netgear.com

      120
    • 2. Access the main menu of the firewall’s configuration at http://192.168.0.1

      120
    • 3. Under the Maintenance heading, select Router Status

      120
    • 4. Check that an IP address is shown for the WAN Port If 0.0.0.0 is shown, your firewall has not obtained an IP address from your ISP.

      120
    • 1. Turn off power to the cable or DSL modem.

      120
    • 2. Turn off power to your firewall.

      120
    • 3. Wait five minutes and reapply power to the cable or DSL modem.

      120
    • 4. When the modem’s LEDs indicate that it has reacquired sync with the ISP, reapply power to your firewall.

      120
  • Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility

    121
    • Procedure 8-5: Testing the LAN Path to Your Firewall

      122
      • 1. From the Windows toolbar, click on the Start button and select Run.

        122
      • 2. In the field provided, type Ping followed by the IP address of the firewall, as in this example:

        122
      • 3. Click on OK.

        122
    • Procedure 8-6: Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device

      123
  • Restoring the Default Configuration and Password

    123
    • Procedure 8-7: Using the Default Reset button

      124
      • 1. Press and hold the Default Reset button until the Test LED turns on (about 10 seconds).

        124
      • 2. Release the Default Reset button and wait for the firewall to reboot.

        124
  • Problems with Date and Time

    124
• Appendix A Technical Specifications

  125
• Appendix B Network, Routing, Firewall, and Wireless Basics

  127
  • Related Publications

    127
  • Basic Router Concepts

    127
    • What is a Router?

      128
    • Routing Information Protocol

      128
    • IP Addresses and the Internet

      128
      • Figure 81: Three Main Address Classes

        129
    • Netmask

      130
    • Subnet Addressing

      131
      • Figure 82: Example of Subnetting a Class B Address

        131
      • Table 81. Netmask Notation Translation Table for One Octet

        132
      • Table 82. Netmask Formats

        132
    • Private IP Addresses

      133
    • Single IP Address Operation Using NAT

      134
      • Figure 83: Single IP Address Operation Using NAT

        134
    • MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol

      135
    • Related Documents

      135
    • Domain Name Server

      135
    • IP Configuration by DHCP

      136
  • Internet Security and Firewalls

    136
    • What is a Firewall?

      137
    • Stateful Packet Inspection

      137
    • Denial of Service Attack

      137
  • Wireless Networking

    138
    • Wireless Network Configuration

      138
      • Ad Hoc Mode (Peer-to-Peer Workgroup)

        138
      • Infrastructure Mode

        138
    • Extended Service Set Identification (ESSID)

      139
    • Authentication and WEP Encryption

      139
      • 802.11b Authentication

        139
        • 1. Turn on the wireless station.

          139
        • 2. The station listens for messages from any access points that are in range.

          140
        • 3. The station finds a message from an access point that has a matching SSID.

          140
        • 4. The station sends an authentication request to the access point.

          140
        • 5. The access point authenticates the station.

          140
        • 6. The station sends an association request to the access point.

          140
        • 7. The access point associates with the station.

          140
        • 8. The station can now communicate with the Ethernet network through the access point.

          140
      • Open System Authentication

        140
        • 1. The station sends an authentication request to the access point.

          140
        • 2. The access point authenticates the station.

          140
        • 3. The station associates with the access point and joins the network.

          140
          • Figure 84: 802.11b open system authentication

            141
      • Shared Key Authentication

        141
        • 1. The station sends an authentication request to the access point.

          141
        • 2. The access point sends challenge text to the station.

          141
        • 3. The station uses its configured 64-bit or 128-bit default key to encrypt the challenge text, and sends the encrypted text to the access point.

          141
        • 4. The access point decrypts the encrypted text using its configured WEP Key that corresponds to the station’s default key. The access point compares the decrypted text with the original challenge text. If the decrypted text matches the origi...

          141
        • 5. The station connects to the network.

          141
          • Figure 85: 802.11b shared key authentication

            142
      • Overview of WEP Parameters

        142
      • Key Size

        143
      • WEP Configuration Options

        143
    • Wireless Channel Selection

      144
      • Table 81. 802.11 Radio Frequency Channels

        144
  • Ethernet Cabling

    145
    • Table 82. UTP Ethernet cable wiring, straight-through

      145
    • Uplink Switches, Crossover Cables, and MDI/MDIX Switching

      145
    • Cable Quality

      146
  • How Does VPN Work?

    147
    • Figure 86: VPN overview

      147
    • IKE: Managing and Exchanging Keys

      147
      • Negotiating the SA - the Internet Key Exchange (IKE)

        148
        • 1. Phase 1. The peers establish a secure channel. After Phase 1, all IKE packets are encrypted.

          148
        • 2. Phase 2. The peers negotiate a general purpose SA.

          148
      • Authentication: Phase 1

        148
        • a. Both agree on basic algorithms and hashes.

          148
        • b. Both exchange Diffie-Hellman public keys and pass nonces. Nonce is a cryptographic term for a fresh random number that is used only once.

          148
        • c. Both parties verify each other’s identity. This exchange is already encrypted.

          148
        • a. The initiator generates a Diffie-Hellman public value, sending it with the nonce.

          148
        • b. The responder sends its own Diffie-Hellman value.

          149
        • c. The initiator confirms the exchange.

          149
      • Key Exchange: Phase 2

        149
    • Two Common Applications of VPN

      149
      • Accessing Network Resources from a VPN Client PC

        149
        • Figure 87: Client to LAN access through VPN router

          149
        • Figure 88: Client to LAN access through simple router to VPN router

          150
      • Linking Two Networks Together

        150
        • Figure 89: LAN to LAN access through VPN router to VPN router

          150
      • Additional Reading

        150
• Appendix C Preparing Your Network

  153
  • Preparing Your Computers for TCP/IP Networking

    153
  • Configuring Windows 95, 98, and Me for TCP/IP Networking

    154
    • Install or Verify Windows Networking Components

      154
      • 1. On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.

        154
      • 2. Double-click the Network icon.

        154
        • a. Click the Add button.

          155
        • b. Select Adapter, and then click Add.

          155
        • c. Select the manufacturer and model of your Ethernet adapter, and then click OK.

          155
        • a. Click the Add button.

          155
        • b. Select Protocol, and then click Add.

          155
        • c. Select Microsoft.

          155
        • d. Select TCP/IP, and then click OK.

          155
        • a. Click the Add button.

          156
        • b. Select Client, and then click Add.

          156
        • c. Select Microsoft.

          156
        • d. Select Client for Microsoft Networks, and then click OK.

          156
      • 3. Restart your PC for the changes to take effect.

        156
    • Enabling DHCP in Windows 95B, 98, and Me

      156
    • Selecting Windows’ Internet Access Method

      158
      • 1. On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.

        158
      • 2. Double-click the Internet Options icon.

        158
      • 3. Select “I want to set up my Internet connection manually” or “I want to connect through a Local Area Network” and click Next.

        158
      • 4. Select “I want to connect through a Local Area Network” and click Next.

        158
      • 5. Uncheck all boxes in the LAN Internet Configuration screen and click Next.

        158
      • 6. Proceed to the end of the Wizard.

        158
    • Verifying TCP/IP Properties

      158
      • 1. On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, and then click Run.

        158
      • 2. Type winipcfg, and then click OK.

        159
      • 3. From the drop-down box, select your Ethernet adapter.

        159
  • Configuring Windows NT4, 2000 or XP for IP Networking

    159
    • Install or Verify Windows Networking Components

      159
      • 1. On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.

        159
      • 2. Double-click the Network and Dialup Connections icon.

        159
      • 3. If an Ethernet adapter is present in your PC, you should see an entry for Local Area Connection. Double-click that entry.

        159
      • 4. Select Properties.

        159
      • 5. Verify that ‘Client for Microsoft Networks’ and ‘Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)’ are present. If not, select Install and add them.

        159
      • 6. Select ‘Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)’, click Properties, and verify that “Obtain an IP address automatically is selected.

        159
      • 7. Click OK and close all Network and Dialup Connections windows.

        159
      • 8. Then, restart your PC.

        159
    • DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows XP, 2000, or NT4

      160
    • DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows XP

      160
    • DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows 2000

      163
    • DHCP Configuration of TCP/IP in Windows NT4

      166
    • Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Windows XP, 2000, and NT4

      168
      • 1. On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, and then click Run.

        168
      • 2. Type cmd and then click OK.

        168
      • 3. Type ipconfig /all

        168
      • 4. Type exit

        169
  • Configuring the Macintosh for TCP/IP Networking

    169
    • MacOS 8.6 or 9.x

      169
      • 1. From the Apple menu, select Control Panels, then TCP/IP.

        169
      • 2. From the “Connect via” box, select your Macintosh’s Ethernet interface.

        169
      • 3. From the “Configure” box, select Using DHCP Server.

        169
      • 4. Close the TCP/IP Control Panel.

        169
      • 5. Repeat this for each Macintosh on your network.

        169
    • MacOS X

      170
      • 1. From the Apple menu, choose System Preferences, then Network.

        170
      • 2. If not already selected, select Built-in Ethernet in the Configure list.

        170
      • 3. If not already selected, Select Using DHCP in the TCP/IP tab.

        170
      • 4. Click Save.

        170
    • Verifying TCP/IP Properties for Macintosh Computers

      170
  • Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account

    171
    • Are Login Protocols Used?

      171
    • What Is Your Configuration Information?

      171
    • Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers

      172
      • 1. On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.

        172
      • 2. Double-click the Network icon.

        172
      • 3. Select TCP/IP, and then click Properties.

        172
      • 4. Select the IP Address tab.

        172
      • 5. Select the Gateway tab.

        172
      • 6. Select the DNS Configuration tab.

        173
      • 7. Click OK to save your changes and close the TCP/IP Properties dialog box.

        173
      • 8. Click OK.

        173
      • 9. Reboot your PC at the prompt. You may also be prompted to insert your Windows CD.

        173
    • Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers

      173
      • 1. From the Apple menu, select Control Panels, then TCP/IP.

        173
      • 2. If an IP address and subnet mask are shown, write down the information.

        173
      • 3. If an IP address appears under Router address, write down the address. This is the ISP’s gateway address.

        173
      • 4. If any Name Server addresses are shown, write down the addresses. These are your ISP’s DNS addresses.

        173
      • 5. If any information appears in the Search domains information box, write it down.

        173
      • 6. Change the “Configure” setting to “Using DHCP Server”.

        173
      • 7. Close the TCP/IP Control Panel.

        173
  • Restarting the Network

    174
• Glossary

  175
• Index

  181