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Asterisk (*)— The asterisk can stand in for any number of 
characters. For example:

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 scien*

This will return results with words like science, scientist, sci-
entific. Note:  you must have at least two characters preced-
ing the asterisk  (Al* Einstein not A* Einstein).

 Question Mark (?)— This is used to replace exactly one 
character within a word. For example:

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 p??t

The question mark is useful when you are not sure about 
spelling. In this example, the results list will include essays 
with the word poet in the text.

Exclamation Point  (!)—stands for one or no characters. For 
example:

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 e.g. poet!

This will return results with either the word poet or poets 
included.

Note:  *You cannot use the asterisk (*) or the question mark 
(?) in date fields.

 

**You cannot use the truncation characters in Basic 

Search; only use in Advance Search.

If, for example, you were searching for astronaut Neil 
Armstrong, and were not sure if his first name is spelled with 
an “a” or an “i,” use the question mark in its place. A search 
for Ne?l Armstrong returned the name Neil Armstrong; 
whereas if you had misspelled the name as Neal Armstrong, 
the system would have returned a “sorry” message.

Boolean operators used in Science Resource Center are 
applied in the order in which they appear.

AND—both terms must appear in the essay. For example:

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 electricity AND magnetism

This search will find essays that include both electricity 
and magnetism somewhere in the essay but not necessarily 
together.

OR—broadens the search because only one of the terms 
must appear in the essay. For example:

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 electricity OR magnetism

This search will find essays that include either electricity or 
magnetism, but not necessarily both. OR can be used to find 
plural or other word endings, like scientist or scientists or 
scientific. OR can also be used with searches involving syn-
onyms, like doctor or physician.

NOT—the term following not will not be found in the essay. 
For example:

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 electricity NOT magnetism

This search will find essays that include electricity but does 
not include the word magnetism.

The W operator finds essays containing the specified words 
in the specific order within the number of words you indi-
cate. For example:

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 scientific w2 nature

This search will find the word scientific within 2 words of 
nature, but nature must follow scientific.

The N operator locates essays containing the words you 
specify within the number of words you indicate, but the 
words can be in ANY order. For example:

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 stem cell n2 research

This search will find the words stem cell within 2 words of 
research in any direction.