HP Graphing Calculator 40G マニュアル

目次

• Title Page

  1
• Introduction

  12
  • Some Keyboard Examples

    16
  • Where’s the ON button?

    15
  • How to use this Manual

    13
• Keys & Notation Conventions

  17
  • Some essential keys

    17
    • The SHIFT key

      17
    • The ALPHA key

      18
    • The Screen keys

      18
    • Pop-up menus & short-cuts

      18
• Everything revolves around Aplets!

  21
  • What are aplets?

    21
  • A quick list of aplets

    21
    • The Function aplet (see page 51)

      21
    • The Inference aplet (see page 150)

      21
    • The Parametric aplet (see page 100)

      21
    • The Finance aplet (see page 160)

      21
    • The Polar aplet (see page 106)

      21
    • The Quadratic Explorer aplet (see page 164)

      22
    • The Sequence aplet (see page 107)

      22
    • The Solve aplet (see page 113)

      22
    • The Statistics aplet (see page 122 & 132)

      22
    • The Trig Explorer aplet (see page 167)

      22
  • Some typical aplet views

    22
• The HOME view

  25
  • What is the HOME view?

    25
  • Exploring the keyboard

    26
    • The screen keys

      26
    • Aplet related keys

      26
    • The arrow keys

      26
    • The SYMB, PLOT and NUM keys

      27
    • Intro to the VIEWS menu

      28
    • The VARS key

      28
    • The SETUP views

      30
    • The MODES view

      30
    • Numeric formats

      31
    • The ANS key

      32
    • The negative key

      33
    • The CHARS key

      33
    • The DEL and CLEAR keys

      34
  • Angle and Numeric settings

    35
  • Memory Management

    37
    • The MEMORY MANAGER view

      37
    • Downloaded aplets & memory

      38
    • The GRAPHICS MANAGER

      39
    • The LIBRARY MANAGER

      39
  • Fractions on the hp 39g+

    40
    • Pitfalls to watch for

      42
  • The HOME History

    43
    • COPYing calculations

      43
    • Clearing the History

      44
    • SHOWing results

      44
  • Storing and Retrieving Memories

    45
  • Referring to other aplets from the HOME view.

    46
  • Introducing the MATH Menu

    47
  • Resetting the calculator

    48
    • Soft reboot

      48
    • Soft reboot (Hardware)

      49
    • Hard reboot (with memory wipe)

      49
  • Summary

    50
• The Function Aplet

  51
  • Introduction

    51
  • Choose the aplet

    51
  • The SYMB view

    52
  • The XT-theta button

    52
  • The NUM view

    53
  • The PLOT view

    53
  • CHK-ing your function

    52
  • Auto Scale

    54
  • The PLOT SETUP view

    55
    • Detail vs. Faster

      55
    • Simultaneous

      56
    • Connect

      56
    • Axes

      56
    • Labels

      56
    • Grid

      56
  • The default axis settings

    57
  • The MENU bar

    57
  • The MENU bar functions

    58
    • Trace

      58
    • Defn

      58
    • Goto

      59
    • The Zoom Sub-menu

      60
    • Center

      60
    • In/Out

      60
    • Box…

      61
    • X-Zoom In/Out and Y-Zoom In/Out

      62
    • Square

      62
    • Auto Scale, Decimal, Integer and Trig

      62
  • The Function Tools menu

    63
    • Root

      63
    • Intersection

      64
    • Slope

      64
    • Signed area…

      65
    • Definite integrals

      65
    • Tracing the integral in PLOT

      66
    • Areas between and under curves

      67
    • Extremum

      68
• The VIEWS menu

  92
  • 93
  • Plot-Detail

    93
  • Plot-Table

    94
    • Nice table values

      95
  • Overlay Plot

    95
  • Auto Scale in detail

    96
  • Decimal, Integer & Trig

    97
  • Aplets from the Internet

    99
    • Curve Areas

      99
    • Linear Programming

      99
• The Parametric Aplet

  100
  • Choose XRng, YRng & TRng

    100
  • The effect of TRng

    101
  • TStep controls smoothness

    101
• The Polar Aplet

  106
  • 106
  • Choose XRng, YRng & thetaRng

    106
  • thetaStep and smoothness

    106
  • Changing the default thetaStep

    106
  • Circular circles

    106
• The Sequence Aplet

  107
  • Recursive or non-recursive

    107
  • First, second & general terms

    107
  • Convenient screen keys provided

    108
• The Solve Aplet

  113
  • Equations vs. expressions

    113
  • Entering the equation

    113
  • Solving for a missing value

    114
  • INFO

    114
  • Mult solns & the initial guess

    115
  • Graphing in Solve

    116
  • Transferring approx solutions

    116
  • Referring to other aplets

    117
  • A detailed explanation of PLOT in Solve

    118
  • INFO messages in detail

    120
• The Stats Aplet - Univariate Data

  122
  • Uni vs. Bi-variate data

    122
  • Clearing data

    122
  • Sorting data

    123
  • The STATS key

    123
  • Functions of columns

    124
  • Registering columns

    124
  • Working with freq. tables

    125
  • Auto scale

    125
  • Plot Setup options

    126
  • Box and whisker graphs

    126
  • The effect of HRng

    127
  • Grouped data & HWidth

    127
• The Stats Aplet - Bivariate Data

  132
  • Uni vs. Bi-variate data

    132
  • Clearing data

    132
  • Entering data

    133
  • Plot symbols used

    133
  • Tracing with the cursor

    133
  • Sorting paired columns

    134
  • Specifying the fit model

    134
  • Multiple data sets

    134
  • Fit models available

    135
  • The User Defined model

    135
  • Connected data

    136
  • Two Variable Statistics

    137
  • Showing the line of best fit

    138
    • A caveat…

      139
  • Predicting using PREDY

    140
  • Predicting in the PLOT view

    140
  • RelErr as a measure of non-linear fit

    141
• The Inference Aplet

  150
  • Chi-Squared on a freq table

    150
  • Hypoth test: T-Test 1-mu

    151
  • Conf interval: T-Int 1-mu

    153
  • Hypoth test: T-Test mu1-mu2

    154
  • Hypoth test: Z-Test 1-mu

    156
• The Finance Aplet

  160
  • Parameters

    160
  • Straightforward compound interest

    161
  • Annuity

    162
  • Loan calculations

    162
  • Amortization

    163
• The Quad Explorer Teaching Aplet

  164
  • Objectives

    164
  • Choosing the level

    164
  • GRAPH mode

    164
  • SYMB mode

    165
  • Self test mode

    166
• The Trig Explorer Teaching Aplet

  167
  • Objectives

    167
  • SIN vs. COS

    167
  • SYMB vs. GRPH mode

    167
• Tips & Tricks

  69
  • Function

    69
    • Finding suitable axes

      69
    • Composite functions

      71
    • Using functions in the HOME view

      72
    • Differentiating

      73
    • Circular functions

      74
    • Trig functions

      76
    • Retaining calculated values

      77
    • NUM revisited

      77
      • NumStart & NumStep

        78
      • Automatic vs. Build Your Own

        78
    • ZOOM

      78
    • Integration: The definite integral

      80
    • Integration: Algebraically

      81
      • A caveat…

        82
    • The hp 40g Computer Algebra System

      82
    • Integration: Re-using PLOT vars

      83
    • Piecewise defined functions

      85
    • ‘Nice’ scales

      86
    • Use of brackets

      87
    • Problems with limits

      88
    • Gradient at a point

      90
    • Finding polynomial roots

      91
  • Parametric equations

    103
    • Fun and games

      103
    • Vectors

      104
  • Sequences & Series

    110
    • Defining a generalized GP and the sum to n terms.

      110
    • Solving sequence problems

      110
    • Modeling loans

      112
  • Solve

    121
    • Easy problems

      121
    • Harder problems

      121
  • Univariate Data

    129
    • New columns from old

      129
    • Simulating Dice

      129
    • Simulating Random Variables

      130
  • Bivariate Data

    143
    • New columns from old

      143
    • Accessing STATS values

      143
    • Obtaining fit coefficients

      145
    • Finding Fit Coefficients

      145
    • Correct interpretation of the PREDX function

      146
    • Assigning rank order

      147
    • Finding equations

      148
  • Inference

    158
    • Importing a freq table

      158
• Matrices

  170
  • The MATRIX Catalog

    170
  • Matrix calcs in HOME

    171
  • System of equations

    172
  • Finding an inverse matrix

    174
  • The dot product

    175
• Lists

  176
  • The list variables

    176
  • Operations on lists

    176
  • Statistical columns as lists

    176
  • List functions

    177
  • Editing a list

    177
  • Operations on elements

    177
• The Notepad Catalog

  178
  • Aplet notes vs. independent notes

    178
  • Independent Notes

    179
    • Transferring notes using IR

      180
    • Editing software

      180
  • Software

    181
    • For the 38g, 39g & 40g

      181
    • For the hp 39g+

      181
  • Creating a Note

    182
    • Locking ALPHA mode

      182
    • The CHARS view

      183
    • Corrupting notes

      183
• The aplet Sketchpad

  184
  • Adding text to a sketch

    184
  • The DRAW menu

    185
    • DOT+

      185
    • LINE

      185
    • BOX

      185
    • CIRCLE

      186
    • Cut & paste (sort of…)

      186
      • Storing to a GROB

        186
      • Using VAR

        186
      • Animations

        187
  • Capturing the PLOT screen

    187
• Using, Copying & Creating aplets

  189
  • Creating a copy of an aplet

    190
  • Examples of saved aplets

    192
    • The Triangles aplet

      192
    • The Prob. Dist. aplet

      192
    • The Transformer aplet

      194
  • Copying via IR

    197
    • The infra-red port

      197
      • The 40g (Wire) option

        198
      • The ‘Disk drive…’ option

        198
    • Time out

      199
    • Attached programs

      199
  • Downloading from the Internet

    200
    • Finding aplets

      200
    • Organizing aplets

      201
    • Software (38g, 39g & 40g)

      202
    • Software (39g+)

      203
    • HPGComm Connectivity

      204
    • Deleting downloaded aplets

      207
    • Saving via HPGComm

      208
    • Capturing screens

      210
    • Editing with the ADK

      211
• Programming the hp 39g+

  212
  • The design process

    212
    • An overview

      212
    • Choosing the parent aplet

      212
    • Naming conventions

      213
    • Planning the VIEWS menu

      214
    • The SETVIEWS command

      214
      • Special entries

        216
    • The ‘Start’ entry

      217
    • Example aplet #1

      217
    • Example aplet #2

      222
    • Example aplet #3

      224
    • Example aplet #4

      226
• Programming Commands

  233
  • Aplet commands

    233
    • CHECK, UNCHECK

      233
    • SELECT

      233
    • SETVIEWS

      234
  • Branch commands

    234
    • IF THEN [ELSE] END

      234
    • CASE END

      234
    • IFFERR THEN [ELSE] END

      234
    • RUN

      235
    • STOP

      235
  • Drawing commands

    235
    • ARC

      235
    • BOX

      235
    • ERASE

      236
    • FREEZE

      236
    • LINE

      236
    • PIXON & PIXOFF

      236
    • TLINE

      236
  • Graphics commands

    237
  • Loop commands

    237
    • FOR TO [STEP] END

      237
    • DO UNTIL END

      237
    • WHILE REPEAT END

      237
    • BREAK

      238
  • Matrix commands

    238
    • EDITMAT

      238
    • REDIM

      238
  • Print commands

    239
    • PRDISPLAY

      239
    • PRHISTORY

      239
    • PRVAR

      239
  • Prompt commands

    240
    • BEEP

      240
    • CHOOSE

      240
    • DISP

      241
    • DISPXY

      241
    • DISPTIME

      241
    • GETKEY

      241
    • INPUT

      242
    • MSGBOX

      242
    • PROMPT

      242
    • WAIT

      242
• The MATH menu functions

  243
  • The ‘Real’ group

    246
    • CEILING

      246
    • DEG->RAD

      246
    • FLOOR

      246
    • FNROOT

      247
    • FRAC

      247
    • HMS->

      248
    • ->HMS

      248
    • INT

      249
    • MANT

      249
    • MAX

      249
    • MIN

      250
    • MOD

      250
    • The % function

      250
    • %CHANGE

      251
    • %TOTAL

      251
    • RAD->DEG

      251
    • ROUND

      252
    • SIGN

      252
    • TRUNCATE

      253
    • XPON

      253
  • The ‘Stat-Two’ group

    254
    • PREDY

      254
    • PREDX

      254
  • The ‘Symbolic’ group

    255
    • The = ‘function’

      255
    • ISOLATE

      255
    • LINEAR?

      256
    • QUAD

      256
    • QUOTE

      257
    • The | function

      258
  • The ‘Tests’ group

    259
  • The ‘Trig’ & ‘Hyperbolic’ groups

    259
    • COT, SEC etc

      259
    • EXP

      260
    • ALOG

      260
    • EXPM1

      260
    • LNP1

      261
  • The ‘Calculus’ group

    261
  • The ‘Complex’ group

    262
    • ABS

      263
    • ARG

      264
    • CONJ

      264
    • IM & RE

      264
    • SIGN

      263
  • The ‘Constants’ group

    265
  • The ‘List’ group

    265
    • CONCAT

      265
    • 1st order differences

      266
    • MAKELIST

      266
    • Product of LIST

      267
    • POS

      267
    • SIZE

      268
    • Sum of LIST

      268
    • REVERSE

      268
    • SORT

      268
  • The ‘Loop’ group

    269
    • ITERATE

      269
    • RECURSE

      270
    • SUMMATION

      270
  • The ‘Matrix’ group

    271
    • COLNORM

      271
    • COND

      271
    • CROSS

      271
    • DET

      272
    • DOT

      272
    • EIGENVAL

      272
    • EIGENVV

      272
    • IDENTMAT

      272
    • INVERSE

      273
    • LQ

      273
    • LSQ

      274
    • LU

      274
    • MAKEMAT

      274
    • QR

      274
    • RANK

      274
    • ROWNORM

      274
    • RREF

      274
    • SCHUR

      275
    • SIZE

      275
    • SPECNORM

      275
    • SPECRAD

      275
    • SVD

      275
    • SVL

      275
    • TRACE

      276
    • TRN

      276
  • The ‘Polynomial’ group

    277
    • POLYCOEF

      277
    • POLYEVAL

      277
    • POLYFORM

      278
    • POLYROOT

      279
  • The ‘Probability’ group

    280
    • COMB

      280
    • The ! function

      280
    • PERM

      281
    • RANDOM

      281
    • RANDSEED

      281
    • UTPN

      282
    • UTPC

      283
    • UTPF

      283
    • UTPT

      283
• App. A: Worked Examples

  284
  • Finding intercepts of a quad

    284
    • Using the QUAD.

      284
    • Using Function

      284
    • Using POLYROOT

      285
  • Finding complex solutions

    285
    • Using QUAD

      285
    • Using POLYROOT

      285
  • Finding critical points

    286
  • Simultaneous equations.

    288
    • By graphing

      288
    • Using a matrix

      288
    • Using the 3x3 Solver aplet

      289
    • Inconsistent systems

      294
      • Using RREF

        294
  • Expanding polynomials

    290
  • Exponential growth

    291
  • Solution of matrix equations

    293
  • Finding complex roots

    295
  • Vector motion & collisions

    296
  • Circular Motion and the Dot Product

    297
  • Inference testing using Chi-Squared

    299
• App. B: Teaching Calculus with an hp 39g+

  301
  • Investigating x^n

    301
  • Domains & Composite Functions

    302
  • Gradient at a Point

    303
  • The Gradient Function

    304
  • The Chain Rule

    305
  • Optimization

    305
  • Area Under Curves

    306
  • Fields of Slopes

    306
  • Inequalities

    307
  • Rectilinear Motion

    307
  • Limits

    307
  • Piecewise Defined Functions

    308
  • Sequences and Series

    308
  • Transformations of Graphs

    309
• App. C: CAS & the hp 40g

  310
  • Introduction

    310
    • What is a CAS?

      310
    • The hp 39g vs. the hp 40

      312
  • Using the CAS

    313
    • Entering and editing an expression

      313
    • In-line editing mode

      316
    • Erasing, copying, cutting and pasting

      316
    • Cursor mode

      317
    • The CAS HOME History

      317
    • PUSH & POP

      318
    • Pasting to an aplet

      319
    • Evaluating algebraic expressions

      320
  • Worked examples

    321
    • Using LIMIT

      321
    • Factorizing expressions

      322
    • Solving equations

      323
    • Simultaneous equations

      323
    • Simultaneous integration

      325
    • Defining a user function

      327
  • On-line help

    328
  • Configuring the CAS

    329
  • Tips & Tricks - CAS

    330