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User Manual 
Publication date: January, 2005 
Revision A1 
11 
 
2-1-2-3. Switch Cascading in Topology
 
 
• 
Takes the Delay Time into Account 
Theoretically, the switch partitions the collision domain for each port in switch 
cascading that you may up-link the switches unlimitedly.  In practice, the network 
extension (cascading levels & overall diameter) must follow the constraint of the 
IEEE 802.3/802.3u/802.3z and other 802.1 series protocol specifications, in which 
the limitations are the timing requirement from physical signals defined by 802.3 
series specification of Media Access Control (MAC) and PHY, and timer from some 
OSI layer 2 protocols such as 802.1d, 802.1q, LACP and so on.  
 
 
The fiber, TP cables and devices’ bit-time delay (round trip) are as follows: 
 
1000Base-X TP, Fiber 
100Base-TX TP 
100Base-FX Fiber 
Round trip Delay: 4096
 
Round trip Delay: 512
 
 Cat. 5 TP Wire: 
11.12/m 
Cat. 5 TP Wire: 
1.12/m 
Fiber Cable: 
1.0/m 
Fiber Cable     : 
        10.10/m 
TP to fiber Converter: 56 
Bit Time unit    : 1ns (1sec./1000 Mega bit)
Bit Time unit: 0.01
µs (1sec./100 Mega bit) 
 
Table 2-2 
 
Sum up all elements’ bit-time delay and the overall bit-time delay of 
wires/devices must be within Round Trip Delay (bit times) in a half-duplex network 
segment (collision domain). For full-duplex operation, this will not be applied. You 
may use the TP-Fiber module to extend the TP node distance over fiber optic and 
provide the long haul connection. 
 
 
• 
Typical Network Topology in Deployment 
A hierarchical network with minimum levels of switch may reduce the timing 
delay between server and client station. Basically, with this approach, it will 
minimize the number of switches in any one path; will lower the possibility of 
network loop and will improve network efficiency. If more than two switches are 
connected in the same network, select one switch as Level 1 switch and connect all 
other switches to it at Level 2. Server/Host is recommended to connect to the Level 
1 switch. This is general if no VLAN or other special requirements are applied.