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Dual-Core Intel
® 
Xeon
® 
Processor 5100 Series Datasheet
17
Electrical Specifications
2
Electrical Specifications
2.1
Front Side Bus and GTLREF
Most Dual-Core Intel
® 
Xeon
® 
Processor 5100 Series FSB signals uses Assisted Gunning 
Transceiver Logic (AGTL+) signaling technology. This technology provides improved 
noise margins and reduced ringing through low voltage swings and controlled edge 
rates.
 
AGTL+ buffers are open-drain and require pull-up resistors to provide the high 
logic level and termination. AGTL+ output buffers differ from GTL+ buffers with the 
addition of an active PMOS pull-up transistor to “assist” the pull-up resistors during the 
first clock of a low-to-high voltage transition. Platforms implement a termination 
voltage level for AGTL+ signals defined as V
TT
. Because platforms implement separate 
power planes for each processor (and chipset), separate V
CC
 and V
TT 
supplies are 
necessary. This configuration allows for improved noise tolerance as processor 
frequency increases. Speed enhancements to data and address buses have made 
signal integrity considerations and platform design methods even more critical than 
with previous processor families. Design guidelines for the processor FSB are detailed 
in the appropriate platform design guidelines (refer to 
The AGTL+ inputs require reference voltages (GTLREF_DATA and GTLREF_ADD) which 
are used by the receivers to determine if a signal is a logical 0 or a logical 1. 
GTLREF_DATA is used for the 4X front side bus signaling group and GTLREF_ADD is 
used for the 2X and common clock front side bus signaling groups. Both GTLREF_DATA 
and GTLREF_ADD must be generated on the baseboard. Refer to the applicable 
platform design guidelines for details. Termination resistors (R
TT
) for AGTL+ signals are 
provided on the processor silicon and are terminated to V
TT
. The on-die termination 
resistors are always enabled on the Dual-Core Intel
® 
Xeon
® 
Processor 5100 Series to 
control reflections on the transmission line. Intel chipsets also provide on-die 
termination, thus eliminating the need to terminate the bus on the baseboard for most 
AGTL+ signals.
Some FSB signals do not include on-die termination (R
TT
) and must be terminated on 
the baseboard. See 
 for details regarding these signals.
The AGTL+ bus depends on incident wave switching. Therefore, timing calculations for 
AGTL+ signals are based on flight time as opposed to capacitive deratings. Analog 
signal simulation of the FSB, including trace lengths, is highly recommended when 
designing a system. Contact your Intel Field Representative to obtain the processor 
signal integrity models, which includes buffer and package models.
2.2
Power and Ground Lands
For clean on-chip processor core power distribution, the processor has 223 V
CC
 (power) 
and 273 V
SS
 
(ground) inputs. All Vcc lands must be connected to the processor power 
plane, while all V
SS
 lands must be connected to the system ground plane. The 
processor V
CC
 lands must be supplied with the voltage determined by the processor 
Voltage IDentification (VID) signals. See 
 for VID definitions.
Twenty two lands are specified as V
TT
, which provide termination for the FSB and 
provides power to the I/O buffers. The platform must implement a separate supply for 
these lands which meets the V
TT
 specifications outlined in 
.