Yamaha 02R Manual Do Utilizador

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Dynamics
65
Digital Recording Console 02R User’s Guide
Expander
An expander is another form of automatic level control. By attenuating the 
signal below the threshold, the expander reduces low-level noise and 
effectively increases the dynamic range of the recorded material.
Expander (EXP) parameters:
Threshold 
determines the level of input signal required to trigger the 
expander. Signals above the threshold pass through unaffected. Signals at 
and below the threshold level are attenuated by the amount specified using 
the Ratio parameter. The trigger signal is determined using the KEY IN 
parameter.
Ratio 
controls the amount of expansion - the change in output signal level 
relative to change in input signal level. With a 1:2 ratio, for example, a 5 dB 
change in input level (below the threshold) results in a 10 dB change in 
output level. For a 1:5 ratio, a 2 dB change in input level (below the 
threshold) results in a 10 dB change in output level.
Attack
 controls how soon the signal is expanded once the expander has 
been triggered. With a fast attack time, the signal is expanded almost 
immediately. With a slow attack time, the initial transient of a sound passes 
through unaffected.
Out Gain 
sets the expander’s output signal level.
Knee
 sets the transition of the signal at the threshold. With a hard knee, the 
transition between unexpanded and expanded signal is immediate. With 
the softest knee, knee5, the transition starts before the signal reaches the 
threshold and gradually ends above the threshold.
Release
 determines how soon the expander returns to its normal gain once 
the trigger signal level drops below the threshold.
Parameter
Value
Threshold (dB)
–54 to 0
(55 points)
Ratio
1.0, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 8.0, 
10, 20, 
(16 points)
Attack (ms)
0 to 120
(121 points)
Outgain (dB)
0 to +18
(36 points)
Knee
hard,1,2,3,4,5
(6 points)
Release (ms)
5 ms to 42.3 sec
 *1
, 6 ms to 46.0 sec
 *2
8 ms to 63.4 sec
 *3
(160 points)
*1
These values are obtained when the sampling frequency is 48kHz.
*2
These values are obtained when the sampling frequency is 44.1 kHz.
*3
These values are obtained when the sampling frequency is 32 kHz
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
+10
+20
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
+10
+20
Input Level
Output Level
dB
dB
Threshold = -10dB
Knee = hard
Expansion ratio = 2:1
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
+10
+20
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
+10
+20
Input Level
Output Level
dB
dB
Threshold = -20dB
Knee = knee5
Expansion ratio = 2:1