Netgear NETGEAR Manual Do Utilizador

C-6

Glossary

complex policy or rule statements to determine how to forward a given network packet. An analogy is made 
to travel services, in which a person can choose among different modes of travel - train, bus, airplane - 
degree of comfort, the number of stops on the route, standby status, the time of day or period of year for the 
trip, and so forth. For a given set of packet travel rules, a packet is given one of 64 possible forwarding 
behaviors - known as per hop behaviors (PHBs). A six-bit field, known as the Differentiated Services Code 
Point (DSCP), in the Internet Protocol (Internet Protocol) header specifies the per hop behavior for a given 
flow of packets. Differentiated Services and the Class of Service approach provide a way to control traffic 
that is both more flexible and more scalability than the Quality of Service approach.

Short for Domain Name System (or Service), an Internet service that translates domain names into IP 
addresses. 
Because domain names are alphabetic, they're easier to remember. The Internet however, is really based on 
IP addresses. Every time you use a domain name, therefore, a DNS service must translate the name into the 
corresponding IP address. For example, the domain name www.example.com might translate to 
198.105.232.4. The DNS system is, in fact, its own network. If one DNS server doesn't know how to 
translate a particular domain name, it asks another one, and so on, until the correct IP address is returned. 

A descriptive name for an address or group of addresses on the Internet. Domain names are of the form of a 
registered entity name plus one of a number of predefined top level suffixes such as .com, .edu, .uk, etc. For 
example, in the address mail.NETGEAR.com, mail is a server name and NETGEAR.com is the domain.

DHCP is a protocol for assigning dynamic IP addresses to devices on a network. With dynamic addressing, 
a device can have a different IP address every time it connects to the network. In some systems, the device's 
IP address can even change while it is still connected. DHCP also supports a mix of static and dynamic IP 
addresses. Dynamic addressing simplifies network administration because the software tracks IP addresses 
rather than requiring an administrator to manage the task. A new computer can be added to a network 
without the hassle of manually assigning it a unique IP address. 

Extensible Authentication Protocol is a general protocol for authentication that supports multiple 
authentication methods. 
EAP, an extension to PPP, supports such authentication methods as token cards, Kerberos, one-time 
passwords, certificates, public key authentication and smart cards. In wireless communications using EAP, a 
user requests connection to a WLAN through an AP, which then requests the identity of the user and