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Heads (Hd)

Sectors (Sec)

Mode Auto

CHS 1707

Maximum LBA Capacity

1707 MB

In BIOS setup, you can set the Type parameter to User Type HDD (user-defined
type). In this case, you also have to specify the value of the translation mode
parameter, which can be Auto/Normal/LBA/Large.

Translation mode is how sector addresses are translated. This parameter appeared because

in BIOS versions, there were limitations to the maximum address capacity of disks, which is

504 MB (1024 cylinders x 16 heads x 63 sectors x 512 bytes). There are two ways to

bypass this limitation: (1) switch from physical to logical sector addresses (LBA), (2) use

mathematics to reduce the number of addressed sectors (cylinders) and increase the
number of heads; this method is called Large Disk (Large). The simplest decision is to set

the value of this parameter to Auto.

If there are several hard disks connected to your motherboard, but you do not want
to use some of them at the moment, you have to set the Type of these disks to Not
Installed.
Parameters of hard disks can be set manually with the help of information provided
by the hard disk manufacturer on its case, but it is easier to use the IDE
autodetection utility that is usually included in modern BIOS versions.
The utility is sometimes a separate BIOS menu item and is sometimes included in
the standard CMOS setup menu.

Please note that in "Appendix B. Hard disks and BIOS setup", we have described the
general details of the

physical

hard disk structure. Built-in IDE hard disk controls mask the

physical disk structure. As a result, the BIOS of the motherboard "sees"

logical

cylinders,

heads and sectors. We are not going to elaborate on this issue here, but knowing about this

can sometimes be useful.

B.2.3

Arranging boot sequence, advanced CMOS setup menu

Aside from standard CMOS setup, the BIOS menu usually has an advanced CMOS
setup item. Here you can adjust the boot sequence: C:; A:; CD-ROM:.

Please note that

boot sequence

management differs for various BIOS versions, e.g. for

AMI BIOS, AWARDBIOS, and brand-name hardware manufacturers.

Several years ago, the operating system boot sequence was hard-coded into the
BIOS. An operating system could be booted either from a diskette (drive A:), or
from the hard disk C:. That was the sequence in which the BIOS queried external
drives: if drive A: was ready, BIOS attempted to boot an operating system from a
diskette. If the drive was not ready or there was no system area on the diskette,
BIOS tried to boot an operating system from hard disk C:.
At present, BIOS allows booting operating systems not only from diskettes or hard
disks, but also from CD-ROMs, DVDs, and other devices. If there are several hard