Kowa AP-7000 Manual Do Utilizador
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6.6.7. MD (Mean Deviation)
MD refers to an average value of the total deviation. Overall average visual field defect is displayed. When the value is
negative, or the value is less, the visual field is lower than the normal sensitivity curve.
The p-value is the provability variable showing the degree of abnormality of MD. There are 5 kinds of p-values, 10%,
5%, 2%, 1%, and 0.5%.
For example, in “All (gray)”, MD is –1.97dB marked by “p<5%. This means that the measured sensitivity curve is 1.97dB
lower in average than the normal sensitivity curve of normal 68-years-old people, and less than 5% of normal 68-years-
old people have such value.
When “Artifact” of [Setting] is ON, the value with “Artifact” considered is shown in [ ]. (P. 60)
negative, or the value is less, the visual field is lower than the normal sensitivity curve.
The p-value is the provability variable showing the degree of abnormality of MD. There are 5 kinds of p-values, 10%,
5%, 2%, 1%, and 0.5%.
For example, in “All (gray)”, MD is –1.97dB marked by “p<5%. This means that the measured sensitivity curve is 1.97dB
lower in average than the normal sensitivity curve of normal 68-years-old people, and less than 5% of normal 68-years-
old people have such value.
When “Artifact” of [Setting] is ON, the value with “Artifact” considered is shown in [ ]. (P. 60)
6.6.8. PSD (Pattern Standard Deviation)
PSD refers to a standard deviation of the total deviation (however, with weighting given for each examination point). The
deviation of the measured sensitivity curve from the normal visual field pattern is displayed. The larger the value, the
larger the deviation.
The p-value is the provability variable showing the degree of abnormality of PSD. The same kind of p-value as MD is
used.
For example, in “All (gray)”, 3.18 marked by “p＜5%”. This means the deviation of the measured threshold from the
normal value of 68-years-old people is 3.18, and less than 5% of normal 68-years-old people have such value. When
“Artifact” of [Setting] is ON, the value with “Artifact” considered is shown in [ ]. (P. 60)
deviation of the measured sensitivity curve from the normal visual field pattern is displayed. The larger the value, the
larger the deviation.
The p-value is the provability variable showing the degree of abnormality of PSD. The same kind of p-value as MD is
used.
For example, in “All (gray)”, 3.18 marked by “p＜5%”. This means the deviation of the measured threshold from the
normal value of 68-years-old people is 3.18, and less than 5% of normal 68-years-old people have such value. When
“Artifact” of [Setting] is ON, the value with “Artifact” considered is shown in [ ]. (P. 60)
6.6.9. GHT (Glaucoma Hemifield Test)
GHT detects a pattern of a local visual field defect typical to glaucoma and evaluates the significance of a glaucomatous
visual field defect.
As shown in the diagram, the examination points for Threshold – Center 1 examination are classified into 10 sectors
and a pattern deviation is scored and compared in the corresponding sector above and below the horizontal meridian.
The scores are evaluated as one of the following 6 types.
① Out of normal range
visual field defect.
As shown in the diagram, the examination points for Threshold – Center 1 examination are classified into 10 sectors
and a pattern deviation is scored and compared in the corresponding sector above and below the horizontal meridian.
The scores are evaluated as one of the following 6 types.
① Out of normal range
Sore difference of at least one pair of corresponding
sectors is p＜1%.
sectors is p＜1%.
Total score of at least one pair of corresponding sectors
is p＜0.5%.
is p＜0.5%.
② Boundary zone
Score difference of at least one pair of corresponding
sectors is p＜3%.
sectors is p＜3%.
③ Boundary zone & overall sensitivity reduction
Judgment is Boundary zone and sensitivity is p＜0.5%.
④ Overall sensitivity reduction
Sensitivity is p＜0.5%.
⑤ Exceptionally high sensitivity
Sensitivity is p≥99.5%.
⑥ Within normal range
Not applicable to any of the above cases
Do not use GHT for assessment of any disease other than glaucoma.
Sector of GHT
Blind spot