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   Chapter 14
About Fax Machines
If you’re a first-time fax machine user, fax operation might seem a little mysterious. You’ll soon get 
used to the unusual fax tones on your phone line, and be able to send and receive faxes easily. 
Fax Tones and Handshake
When someone is sending a fax, the fax machine sends fax calling tones, (CNG tones)—soft, beeps 
at 4-second intervals. You’ll hear them when you dial and press 
Start
, and they continue for about 
40 seconds after dialling. During that time, the sending machine must begin the “handshake” with 
the receiving machine. Each time you use automatic procedures to send a fax, you are sending CNG 
tones over the phone line. You’ll soon learn to listen for these soft beeps each time you answer a 
phone on your fax line, so you can know if you are receiving a fax message.
The receiving fax responds with fax receiving tones—loud, chirping sounds. A receiving fax chirps 
for about 40 seconds over the phone line, and the screen displays RECEIVE. If your fax machine 
is set to the FAX ONLY Mode, it will answer every call automatically with fax receiving tones. 
Even if the other party hangs up, your fax machine continues to send the “chirps” for about 40 
seconds, and the screen continues to display RECEIVE. To cancel the receiving mode, press 
Stop
.
When your fax machine is in FAX/TEL (F/T) mode, it answers with a short beep. After this beep, 
the fax machine listens for CNG tones, and, if heard, it will respond with receiving tones.
The fax “handshake” is the time in which the sending machine’s CNG tones and the receiving 
machine’s “chirps” overlap. This must be for at least 2 to 4 seconds, so the fax machines can 
understand how each is sending and receiving the fax. The handshake cannot begin until the call is 
answered, and the CNG tones only last for about 40 seconds after the number is dialled. Therefore, 
it’s important for the receiving machine to answer the call in as few rings as possible.
ECM (Error Correction Mode)
The Error Correction Mode (ECM) is a way for the fax machine to check the integrity of a fax 
transmission while it is in progress. ECM transmissions are possible only between machines that 
both have the ECM feature. If they do, you may send and receive fax messages that are continuously 
checked for their integrity.
Sufficient memory must be available in your machine for this feature to work.
When you have an external telephone answering device (TAD) on your fax line, 
your TAD will determine the number of rings before the call is answered. Pay 
special attention to the directions in the Installation chapter for connecting a TAD 
to your fax machine.