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   Chapter 20
About Fax Machines
Fax Tones and Handshake
When someone is sending a fax, the fax machine sends fax calling tones, (CNG tones)—soft, 
intermittent beeps at 4-second intervals. You will hear them when you dial and press Fax Start, and 
they continue for about 60 seconds after dialling. During that time, the sending machine must begin 
the “handshake” with the receiving machine. Each time you use automatic procedures to send a fax, 
you are sending CNG tones over the phone line. You will soon learn to listen for these soft beeps 
each time you answer a phone on your fax line, so you can know if you are receiving a fax message.
The receiving fax responds with fax receiving tones—loud, chirping sounds. A receiving fax chirps 
for about 60 seconds over the phone line, and the screen displays RECEIVING. If the machine is 
set to the Fax Only Mode, it will answer every call automatically with fax receiving tones. Even if 
the other party hangs up, the machine continues to send the “chirps” for about 60 seconds, and the 
screen continues to display RECEIVING. To cancel the receiving mode, press Stop/Exit.
When the machine is in Fax/Tel (F/T) Mode, it answers with a short beep. After this beep, the fax 
machine listens for CNG tones, and then responds with receiving tones.
The fax “handshake” is the time in which the sending machine’s CNG tones and the receiving 
machines “chirps” overlap. This must be for at least 2 to 4 seconds, so the fax machines can 
understand how each is sending and receiving the fax. The handshake cannot begin until the call is 
answered, and the CNG tones only last for about 60 seconds after the number is dialled. Therefore, 
it’s important for the receiving machine to answer the call in as few rings as possible.
ECM (Error Correction Mode)
The Error Correction Mode (ECM) is a way for the fax machine to check the integrity of a fax 
transmission while it is in progress. ECM transmissions are possible only between machines that 
both have the ECM feature. If they do, you may send and receive fax messages that are continuously 
checked for their integrity.
Sufficient memory must be available in the machine for this feature to work.
When you have an external telephone answering device (TAD) on your fax line, 
your TAD will determine the number of rings before the call is answered. Pay 
special attention to the directions in the Installation chapter for connecting a TAD 
(or answering machine) to the machine.