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Health and Safety Information       92
Studies have shown that these products generally do not work as 
advertised. Unlike "hand-free" kits, these so-called "shields" 
may interfere with proper operation of the phone. The phone may 
be forced to boost its power to compensate, leading to an 
increase in RF absorption. In February 2002, the Federal trade 
Commission (FTC) charged two companies that sold devices that 
claimed to protect wireless phone users from radiation with 
making false and unsubstantiated claims. 
According to FTC, these defendants lacked a reasonable basis to 
substantiate their claim.
What about wireless phone interference with 
medical equipment?
Radio frequency energy (RF) from wireless phones can interact 
with some electronic devices. For this reason, FDA helped 
develop a detailed test method to measure electromagnetic 
interference (EMI) of implanted cardiac pacemakers and 
defibrillators from wireless telephones. This test method is now 
part of a standard sponsored by the Association for the 
Advancement of Medical instrumentation (AAMI). The final draft, 
a joint effort by FDA, medical device manufacturers, and many 
other groups, was completed in late 2000. This standard will 
allow manufacturers to ensure that cardiac pacemakers and 
defibrillators are safe from wireless phone EMI. FDA has tested 
wireless phones and helped develop a voluntary standard 
sponsored by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 
(IEEE). This standard specifies test methods and performance 
requirements for hearing aids and wireless phones so that no 
interference occurs when a person uses a compatible phone and 
a compatible hearing aid at the same time. This standard was 
approved by the IEEE in 2000.
FDA continues to monitor the use of wireless phones for possible 
interactions with other medical devices. Should harmful 
interference be found to occur, FDA will conduct testing to assess 
the interference and work to resolve the problem.
Additional information on the safety of RF exposures from various 
sources can be obtained from the following organizations 
(Updated 1/1/2010):
• 
FCC RF Safety Program:
• 
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA):
• 
Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA):
• 
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH):
• 
World Health Organization (WHO):