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Section 13
to 22 hours per day.  These conditions are not similar to the 
conditions under which people use wireless phones, so 
we don't know with certainty what the results of such 
studies mean for human health.
Three large epidemiology studies have been published 
since December 2000.  Between them, the studies 
investigated any possible association between the use of 
wireless phones and primary brain cancer, glioma, 
meningioma, or acoustic neuroma, tumors of the brain or 
salivary gland, leukemia, or other cancers.  None of the 
studies demonstrated the existence of any harmful health 
effects from wireless phones RF exposures.  However, 
none of the studies can answer questions about long-term 
exposures, since the average period of phone use in these 
studies was around three years.
What research is needed to decide whether RF exposure 
from wireless phones poses a health risk?
A combination of laboratory studies and epidemiological 
studies of people actually using wireless phones would 
provide some of the data that are needed.  Lifetime animal 
exposure studies could be completed in a few years.  
However, very large numbers of animals would be 
needed to provide reliable proof of a cancer promoting 
effect if one exists.  Epidemiological studies can provide 
data that is directly applicable to human populations, but 
ten or more years' follow-up may be needed to provide 
answers about some health effects, such as cancer.  This is 
because the interval between the time of exposure to a 
cancer-causing agent and the time tumors develop - if 
they do - may be many, many years.  The interpretation of 
epidemiological studies is hampered by difficulties in 
x497.book  Page 164  Thursday, July 21, 2005  11:55 PM