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1)  Glossary

Bit rate (bps, kbps, Bit/s): data rate within a given time unit (e.g. kbps = kilobits per second). In the context of music 

files, this value often represents their technical quality: the lower the bit rate, the poorer the sound. However, a higher 

bit rate also correlates with a larger file size.

Bps: abbreviation for "b

its

 

per

 

seCoNd

", which is the speed at which data is processed through a circuit. 

DRM (Digital Rights Management): a technical procedure which enables music files to be configured so that 

certain functions are made unavailable. This can prevent, for example, burning DRM-protected WMA files to a CD. 

Many download shops (Napster for instance) use DRM as a kind of copy protection.

FLAC: Free Lossless Audio Codec, a free-of-loss Audio Codec. It is available for free and is not limited in usage by any 

software patents.

FM: abbreviation for frequency modulation; often compared incorrectly with UKW in Germany, because the FM process 

is only set to frequencies in the UKW (VHF) range due to its large bandwidth. 

ID3 tag: additional information at the end of an MP file which includes information about title of track, artist, album 

and year of release.

MP3: abbreviation for "Mpeg-1 a

udio

 l

ayer

 3", where MPEG stands for "M

oViNg

 p

iCture

 e

xperts

 g

roup

". Was developed 

for the compression of audio data, because MP files are up to ten times smaller than their respective originals in 

WAV format, while delivering the same quality – to the effect that instead of 10 MB, a minute of music requires only 

1 MB of memory. Music in MP format can easily be stored and organized on memory cards and hard disks. Despite 

the significantly low data volume, the sound quality is very high. The MP format was developed by the Fraunhofer 

Society for the Advancement of Applied Research (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung angewandter Forschung e. V.) 

in Erlangen, Germany.

MTP: in autumn 00, Microsoft and Canon presented their Media Transfer Protocol (MTP), which permits commu-

nication between electronic devices. This way, and by means of the corresponding software, e. g. audio data can be 

loaded to MTP-compatible MP players without additional drivers.

OGG: a file format which may include audio, video, and / or text data. The most widely known codec in this context 

is the audio codec called Vorbis, which the OGG is often confused with or seen as a unit, although OGG serves as a 

container of Vorbis-encoded content.

OGG Vorbis: often just called Vorbis; a free codec for loss-risking audio compression. The format supports up to  

 channels with variable bit rate and is capable of streaming.

PCM (Puls Code Modulation): a type of modulation in which an analogous signal is encoded binarily.

USB (Universal Serial Bus): a bus system for connecting peripheral devices to a computer. A USB port requires little 

space and can supply current to small devices such as mice, telephones, keyboards or MP players.

VU: VU-Meter = Volume Unit Meter – an analogous level control tool for playback devices which is often rebuilt in 

computer software because of its increased clearness.

WAV: derived from "

waVe

". WAV is an uncompressed file format for audio data such as those included on a music CD. 

Windows also saves digital sounds in WAV format as standard. As this is done without compression, the files can be 

fairly large, but they also provide a very good sound quality. WAV files can be converted into MP format.

WMA (Windows Media Audio): Microsoft®’s compressed audio format is rivaled by the formats AAC and MP and is 

often offered by commercial download portals in connection with DRM.

For further information on MP terminology, please refer to: www.lunanova.de – the MP dictionary on the internet.