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User's Guide HDSP MADI

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MADI, the serial Multichannel Audio Digital Interface, has been defined already in 1989 as an 
extension of the existing AES3 standard following several manufacturers' wish. The format also 
known as AES/EBU, a balanced bi-phase signal, is limited to two channels. Simply put, MADI 
contains 28 of those AES/EBU signals in serial, i. e. after one another, and the sample rate can 
still even vary by +/-12.5%. The limit which cannot be exceeded is a data rate of 100Mbit/s. 
 
Because an exact sampling frequency is used in most cases, the 64 channel mode was intro-
duced officially in 2001. It allows for a maximum sample rate of 48 kHz + ca. 1%, corresponding 
to 32 channels at 96 kHz, without exceeding the maximum data rate of 100 Mbit/s. The effective 
data rate of the port is 125 Mbit/s due to additional coding. 
 
Older devices understand and generate only the 56 channel format. Newer devices often work 
in the 64 channel format, but offer still no more than 56 audio channels. The rest is being eaten 
up by control commands for mixer settings etc.. The ADI-648 and the HDSP MADI show that 
this can be done in a much better way, with an invisible transmission of 16 MIDI channels and 
the MADI signal still being 100% compatible. 
 
For the transmission of the MADI signal, proved methods known from network technology were 
applied. Most people know unbalanced (coaxial) cables with 75 Ohms BNC plugs, they are not 
expensive and easy to get. The optical interface is much more interesting due to its complete 
galvanic separation, but for many users it is a mystery, because very few have ever dealt with 
huge cabinets full of professional network technology. Therefore here are some explanations 
regarding 'MADI optical'. 
 
•  The cables used are standard in computer network technology. They are thus not at all 

expensive, but unfortunately not available in every computer store. 

 
•  The cables have an internal fibre of only 50 or 62.5 µm diameter and a coating of 125 µm. 

They are called network cables 62.5/125 or 50/125, the former mostly being blue and the lat-
ter mostly being orange. Although in many cases not clearly labeled, these are always (!) 
glass fibre cables. Plastic fibre cables (POF, plastic optical fibre) can not be manufactured in 
such small diameters. 

 
•  The plugs used are also an industry standard and called SC. Please don't mix them up with 

ST connectors, which look similar to BNC connectors and are being screwed. Plugs used in 
the past (MIC/R) were unnecessarily big and are not being used any longer. 

 
•  The cables are available as a duplex variant (2 cables being glued together) or as a simplex 

variant (1 cable). The ADI-648's opto module supports both variants. 

 
•  The transmission uses the multimode technique which supports cable lengths of up to al-

most 2 km. Single mode allows for much longer distances, but it uses a completely different 
fibre (8 µm). By the way, due to the wave-length of the light being used (1300 nm), the opti-
cal signal is invisible to the human eye.