用户手册 — HP (Hewlett-Packard) 5992-4701

目录

• Debugging with GDB Manual

  1
• Table of Contents

  3
• Summary of GDB

  15
  • Free Software

    15
  • Contributors to GDB

    15
• 1 A Sample GDB Session

  19
  • 1.1 Loading the Executable

    19
  • 1.2 Setting Display width

    20
  • 1.3 Setting Breakpoints

    20
  • 1.4 Running the executable under GDB

    20
  • 1.5 Stepping to the next line in the source program

    20
  • 1.6 Stepping into a subroutine

    21
  • 1.7 Examining the Stack

    21
  • 1.8 Printing Variable Values

    21
  • 1.9 Listing Source Code

    22
  • 1.10 Setting Variable Values During a Session

    22
• 2 Getting In and Out of GDB

  25
  • 2.1 Invoking GDB

    25
    • 2.1.1 Choosing files

      26
    • 2.1.2 Choosing modes

      27
    • 2.1.3 Redirecting WDB input and output to a file

      30
  • 2.2 Quitting GDB

    30
  • 2.3 Shell commands

    31
• 3 GDB Commands

  33
  • 3.1 Command syntax

    33
  • 3.2 Command completion

    33
  • 3.3 Getting help

    35
• 4 Running Programs Under GDB

  39
  • 4.1 Compiling for debugging

    39
  • 4.2 Starting your program

    39
  • 4.3 Arguments To Your Program

    41
  • 4.4 Program Environment

    41
  • 4.5 Working directory

    43
  • 4.6 Program Input and Output

    43
  • 4.7 Debugging a Running Process

    44
  • 4.8 Killing the child process

    45
  • 4.9 Debugging programs with multiple threads

    46
  • 4.10 Debugging programs with multiple processes

    49
• 5 Stopping and Continuing

  51
  • 5.1 Breakpoints

    51
    • 5.1.1 Setting breakpoints

      52
    • 5.1.2 Setting catchpoints

      56
    • 5.1.3 Deleting breakpoints

      58
    • 5.1.4 Disabling breakpoints

      58
    • 5.1.5 Break conditions

      59
    • 5.1.6 Breakpoint command lists

      61
    • 5.1.7 Breakpoint menus

      62
    • 5.1.8 “Cannot insert breakpoints”

      63
  • 5.2 Continuing and stepping

    64
  • 5.3 Signals

    67
  • 5.4 Stopping and starting multi-thread programs

    69
• 6 Examining the Stack

  71
  • 6.1 Stack frames

    71
  • 6.2 Stacks Without frames

    72
  • 6.3 Commands for Examining the Stack

    72
  • 6.4 Backtraces

    72
  • 6.5 Selecting a frame

    73
  • 6.6 Information about a frame

    74
• 7 Examining Source Files

  77
  • 7.1 Printing source lines

    77
  • 7.2 Searching source files

    78
  • 7.3 Specifying source directories

    79
  • 7.4 Source and machine code

    80
• 8 Examining Data

  83
  • 8.1 Expressions

    83
  • 8.2 Program variables

    84
  • 8.3 Artificial arrays

    85
  • 8.4 Output formats

    86
  • 8.5 Examining memory

    87
  • 8.6 Automatic display

    89
  • 8.7 Print settings

    90
  • 8.8 Value history

    95
  • 8.9 Convenience variables

    96
  • 8.10 Registers

    98
  • 8.11 Printing Floating Point Values

    99
  • 8.12 Floating point hardware

    99
• 9 Using GDB with Different Languages

  101
  • 9.1 Switching between source languages

    101
    • 9.1.1 List of filename extensions and languages

      101
    • 9.1.2 Setting the working language

      102
    • 9.1.3 Having GDB infer the source language

      102
  • 9.2 Displaying the language

    103
  • 9.3 Type and range checking

    103
    • 9.3.1 An overview of type checking

      103
    • 9.3.2 An overview of range checking

      104
  • 9.4 Supported languages

    105
    • 9.4.1 C and C++

      106
      • 9.4.1.1 C and C++ operators

        106
      • 9.4.1.2 C and C++ constants

        108
      • 9.4.1.3 C++ expressions

        109
      • 9.4.1.4 C and C++ defaults

        110
      • 9.4.1.5 C and C++ type and range checks

        110
      • 9.4.1.6 GDB and C

        111
      • 9.4.1.7 GDB features for C++

        111
    • 9.4.2 Fortran

      112
      • 9.4.2.1 Fortran types

        112
      • 9.4.2.2 Fortran operators

        113
      • 9.4.2.3 Fortran special issues

        114
• 10 Examining the Symbol Table

  115
• 11 Altering Execution

  119
  • 11.1 Assignment to variables

    119
  • 11.2 Continuing at a different address

    120
  • 11.3 Giving your program a signal

    121
  • 11.4 Returning from a function

    121
  • 11.5 Calling program functions

    122
  • 11.6 Patching programs

    122
• 12 GDB Files

  125
  • 12.1 Commands to specify files

    125
  • 12.2 Specifying shared library locations

    130
  • 12.3 Errors reading symbol files

    131
• 13 Specifying a Debugging Target

  133
  • 13.1 Active targets

    133
  • 13.2 Commands for managing targets

    133
  • 13.3 Choosing target byte order

    135
• 14 HP-UX Configuration-Specific Information

  137
  • 14.1 Summary of HP Enhancements to GDB

    137
  • 14.2 HP-UX dependencies

    140
    • 14.2.1 Linker Dependencies

      140
    • 14.2.2 Dependent Standard Library Routines for Run Time Checking

      140
  • 14.3 Supported Platforms and Modes

    142
  • 14.4 HP-UX targets

    143
  • 14.5 Support for Alternate root

    143
  • 14.6 Specifying object file directories

    144
  • 14.7 Fix and continue debugging

    145
    • 14.7.1 Fix and Continue compiler dependencies

      146
    • 14.7.2 Fix and Continue restrictions

      146
    • 14.7.3 Using Fix and Continue

      147
    • 14.7.4 Example Fix and Continue session

      148
  • 14.8 Inline Support

    150
    • 14.8.1 Inline Debugging in HP 9000 Systems

      150
    • 14.8.2 Inline Debugging in Integrity Systems

      151
      • 14.8.2.1 Debugging Inline Functions in Integrity Systems

        152
  • 14.9 Debugging Macros

    153
    • 14.9.1 Viewing and Evaluating Macro Definitions

      153
      • 14.9.1.1 Compiler Options to Enable Macro Debugging

        154
    • 14.9.2 Examples for Macro Debugging

      155
  • 14.10 Debugging Memory Problems

    157
    • 14.10.1 When to suspect a memory leak

      158
    • 14.10.2 Memory debugging restrictions

      158
    • 14.10.3 Memory Debugging Methodologies

      158
    • 14.10.4 Debugging Memory in Interactive Mode

      159
      • 14.10.4.1 Commands for interactive memory debugging

        159
      • 14.10.4.2 Example for interactive debugging session

        163
    • 14.10.5 Debugging Memory in Batch Mode

      164
      • 14.10.5.1 Setting Configuration Options for Batch Mode

        164
      • 14.10.5.2 Environment variable setting for Batch mode debugging

        167
      • 14.10.5.3 Example for Batch Mode RTC

        169
    • 14.10.6 Debugging Memory Interactively After Attaching to a Running Process

      171
    • 14.10.7 Configuring memory debugging settings

      173
      • 14.10.7.1 Specifying the stack depth

        173
      • 14.10.7.2 Specifying minimum leak size

        173
      • 14.10.7.3 Specifying minimum block size

        174
    • 14.10.8 Scenarios in memory debugging

      174
      • 14.10.8.1 Stop when freeing unallocated or deallocated blocks

        174
      • 14.10.8.2 Stop when freeing a block if bad writes occurred outside block boundary

        174
      • 14.10.8.3 Stop when a specified block address is allocated or deallocated

        175
      • 14.10.8.4 Scramble previous memory contents at malloc/free calls

        175
      • 14.10.8.5 Detect dangling pointers and dangling blocks

        175
      • 14.10.8.6 Detect in-block corruption of freed blocks

        176
      • 14.10.8.7 Specify the amount of guard bytes for every block of allocated memory

        176
    • 14.10.9 Comparison of Memory Debugging Commands in Interactive Mode and Batch Mode

      176
    • 14.10.10 Heap Profiling

      178
      • 14.10.10.1 Commands for heap profiling

        178
      • 14.10.10.2 info heap arena

        179
      • 14.10.10.3 info heap arena [0 |1|2|..] blocks stacks

        179
      • 14.10.10.4 info module ADDRESS

        179
      • 14.10.10.5 info heap process

        179
      • 14.10.10.6 Example for heap profiling

        179
    • 14.10.11 Memory Checking Analysis for User Defined Memory Management Routines

      180
    • 14.10.12 Commands to track the change in data segment value

      180
  • 14.11 Thread Debugging Support

    181
    • 14.11.1 Support for Enabling and Disabling Specific Threads

      181
    • 14.11.2 Backtrace Support for Thread Debugging

      182
    • 14.11.3 Advanced Thread Debugging Support

      182
      • 14.11.3.1 Pre-requisites for Advanced Thread Debugging

        183
      • 14.11.3.2 Enabling and Disabling Advanced Thread Debugging Features

        183
      • 14.11.3.3 Commands to view information on pthread primitives

        187
    • 14.11.4 Debugging Threads Interactively After Attaching to a Process

      187
    • 14.11.5 Thread Debugging in Batch Mode

      189
      • 14.11.5.1 Pre-requisites for Batch mode of Thread Debugging

        190
      • 14.11.5.2 Limitations in Batch mode of thread debugging

        193
    • 14.11.6 Thread Debugging in +check Mode

      193
    • 14.11.7 Known issues with Thread Debugging for Interactive and Batch mode

      194
  • 14.12 Debugging MPI Programs

    194
  • 14.13 Debugging multiple processes ( programs with fork and vfork calls)

    195
    • 14.13.1 Ask mode for set follow-fork-mode

      195
    • 14.13.2 Serial mode for set follow-fork-mode

      195
    • 14.13.3 Support for showing unwind info

      195
    • 14.13.4 Printing CFM and PFS registers

      196
  • 14.14 Command to Search for a Pattern in the Memory Address Space

    196
  • 14.15 Debugging Core Files

    200
    • 14.15.1 Generating core files with packcore /unpackcore/getcore

      200
    • 14.15.2 Support for the info target Command

      201
    • 14.15.3 Support for the dumpcore command

      202
      • 14.15.3.1 Enhancements to the dumpcore command

        202
    • 14.15.4 Support for display of run time type information

      203
  • 14.16 Printing the Execution Path Entries for the Current Frame or Thread

    203
    • 14.16.1 Compiler Dependencies for Printing the Execution Path Entries

      204
    • 14.16.2 Example Illustrating Execution Path Recovery

      205
  • 14.17 Command to Unwind Beyond 10000 Frames

    206
  • 14.18 Invoking GDB Before a Program Aborts

    207
  • 14.19 Aborting a Command Line Call

    207
  • 14.20 Instruction Level Stepping

    208
  • 14.21 Enhanced support for watchpoints and breakpoints

    208
    • 14.21.1 Deferred watchpoints

      208
    • 14.21.2 Hardware watchpoints

      208
    • 14.21.3 Hardware breakpoints

      208
      • 14.21.3.1 Setting breakpoints in unstripped shared library

        209
    • 14.21.4 Support for procedural breakpoints

      209
    • 14.21.5 Support for template breakpoints

      209
  • 14.22 Debugging support for shared libraries

    210
    • 14.22.1 Using shared library as main program

      210
    • 14.22.2 Setting Deferred Breakpoints in Shared Library

      211
    • 14.22.3 Using catch load

      211
    • 14.22.4 Privately mapping shared libraries

      211
    • 14.22.5 Selectively Mapping Shared Libraries As Private

      212
    • 14.22.6 Setting breakpoints in shared library

      213
    • 14.22.7 Enhancement to the info shared Command

      213
  • 14.23 Debugging support for Decimal Floating Point data type

    213
    • 14.23.1 Printing Decimal Floating point data types

      213
      • 14.23.1.1 Printing Decimal floating point constant

        214
      • 14.23.1.2 Printing Decimal floating point variable

        214
    • 14.23.2 Printing NaT Registers

      214
    • 14.23.3 Handling Decimal Floating Point Data types

      214
    • 14.23.4 Evaluating Decimal Floating Point data types

      214
      • 14.23.4.1 Printing type of Decimal Floating Point variable

        215
  • 14.24 Additional Support for binary floating point data type

    216
    • 14.24.1 Support for Binary Floating Point constants f, l

      216
    • 14.24.2 Support Binary Floating Point variables with format specifier

      216
  • 14.25 Language support

    217
    • 14.25.1 Enhanced Java Debugging Support

      217
      • 14.25.1.1 Java Stack Unwind Features

        217
      • 14.25.1.2 gdb Subcommands for Java VM Debugging

        218
      • 14.25.1.3 Java corefile debugging support

        220
      • 14.25.1.4 Java attach mode debugging support

        220
    • 14.25.2 Enhanced support for C++ templates

      221
    • 14.25.3 Support for _ _fpreg data type on IPF

      222
    • 14.25.4 Support for _Complex variables in HP C

      222
    • 14.25.5 Support for debugging namespaces

      222
    • 14.25.6 Command for evaluating the address of an expression

      223
  • 14.26 Viewing Wide Character Strings

    223
  • 14.27 Support for output logging

    224
    • 14.27.1 Support for dumping array in an ASCII file

      224
    • 14.27.2 Support for Fortran array slices

      225
    • 14.27.3 Displaying enumerators

      225
    • 14.27.4 Support for debugging typedefs

      225
    • 14.27.5 Support for steplast command for C and C++

      225
  • 14.28 Getting information from a non-debug executable

    226
  • 14.29 Debugging optimized code

    227
    • 14.29.1 Debugging Optimized Code at Various Optimization Levels

      229
      • 14.29.1.1 +O0 and +O1

        229
      • 14.29.1.2 +O2/+O3/+O4/-ipo

        229
  • 14.30 Debugging with ARIES

    230
    • 14.30.1 Debugging the application using GDB under ARIES

      231
      • 14.30.1.1 Limitations of GDB Support under ARIES

        231
    • 14.30.2 Attaching GDB to an already running emulated process

      232
    • 14.30.3 Detecting memory leaks using GDB under ARIES

      232
  • 14.31 Visual Interface for WDB

    233
    • 14.31.1 Starting and stopping Visual Interface for WDB

      233
    • 14.31.2 Navigating the Visual Interface for WDB display

      234
    • 14.31.3 Specifying foreground and background colors

      235
    • 14.31.4 Using the X-window graphical interface

      235
    • 14.31.5 Using the TUI mode

      236
    • 14.31.6 Changing the size of the source or debugger pane

      236
    • 14.31.7 Using commands to browse through source files

      237
    • 14.31.8 Loading source files

      237
    • 14.31.9 Editing source files

      237
    • 14.31.10 Editing the command line and command-line history

      237
    • 14.31.11 Saving the contents of a debugging session to a file

      237
  • 14.32 Support for ddd

    238
  • 14.33 Support for XDB commands

    238
    • 14.33.1 stop in/at dbx commands

      238
  • 14.34 GNU GDB Logging Commands

    238
  • 14.35 Support for command line calls in a stripped executable

    238
    • 14.35.1 Support for command line calls in a stripped executable on PA-RISC systems

      239
    • 14.35.2 Additional support for command line calls in a stripped executable

      239
      • 14.35.2.1 For 32-bit applications:

        239
      • 14.35.2.2 For 64-bit applications

        240
    • 14.35.3 Support for debugging stripped binaries

      240
      • 14.35.3.1 Printing of locals and globals in a stripped module

        240
      • 14.35.3.2 Backtrace on stripped frames

        240
      • 14.35.3.3 Command line calls to non-stripped library

        240
      • 14.35.3.4 Setting breakpoints in unstripped shared library

        240
  • 14.36 Displaying the current block scope information

    241
  • 14.37 Linux support

    241
• 15 The HP-UX Terminal User Interface

  243
  • 15.1 Starting the TUI

    243
  • 15.2 Automatically running a program at startup

    244
  • 15.3 Screen Layouts

    244
    • 15.3.1 Source pane

      245
    • 15.3.2 Disassembly pane

      245
    • 15.3.3 Source/Disassembly pane

      246
    • 15.3.4 Disassembly/Register pane

      246
    • 15.3.5 Source/Register pane

      247
  • 15.4 Cycling through the panes

    248
  • 15.5 Changing pane focus

    248
  • 15.6 Scrolling panes

    250
  • 15.7 Changing the register display

    250
  • 15.8 Changing the pane size

    251
  • 15.9 Refreshing and updating the window

    252
• 16 XDB to WDB Transition Guide

  253
  • 16.1 By-function lists of XDB commands and HP WDB equivalents

    253
    • 16.1.1 Invocation commands

      254
    • 16.1.2 Window mode commands

      254
    • 16.1.3 File viewing commands

      255
    • 16.1.4 Source directory mapping commands

      256
    • 16.1.5 Data Viewing and modification commands

      256
    • 16.1.6 Stack viewing commands

      258
    • 16.1.7 Status-viewing command

      259
    • 16.1.8 Job control commands

      259
  • 16.2 Overall breakpoint commands

    260
    • 16.2.1 Auxiliary breakpoint commands

      260
    • 16.2.2 Breakpoint creation commands

      261
    • 16.2.3 Breakpoint status commands

      262
    • 16.2.4 All-procedures breakpoint commands

      263
    • 16.2.5 Global breakpoint commands

      263
    • 16.2.6 Assertion control commands

      264
    • 16.2.7 Record and playback commands

      264
    • 16.2.8 Macro facility commands

      264
    • 16.2.9 Signal control commands

      265
    • 16.2.10 Miscellaneous commands

      265
  • 16.3 XDB data formats and HP WDB equivalents

    266
  • 16.4 XDB location syntax and HP WDB equivalents

    268
  • 16.5 XDB special language operators and HP WDB equivalents

    268
  • 16.6 XDB special variables and HP WDB equivalents

    269
  • 16.7 XDB variable identifiers and HP WDB equivalents

    270
  • 16.8 Alphabetical lists of XDB commands and HP WDB equivalents

    270
    • 16.8.1 A

      270
    • 16.8.2 B

      271
    • 16.8.3 C through D

      272
    • 16.8.4 F through K

      273
    • 16.8.5 L

      273
    • 16.8.6 M through P

      274
    • 16.8.7 Q through S

      275
    • 16.8.8 T

      275
    • 16.8.9 U through Z

      276
    • 16.8.10 Symbols

      277
• 17 Controlling GDB

  281
  • 17.1 Setting the GDB Prompt

    281
  • 17.2 Setting Command Editing Options in GDB

    281
  • 17.3 Setting Command History Feature in GDB

    281
  • 17.4 Setting the GDB Screen Size

    283
  • 17.5 Supported Number Formats

    283
  • 17.6 Optional warnings and messages

    284
  • 17.7 Optional messages about internal happenings

    285
• 18 Canned Sequences of Commands

  287
  • 18.1 User-defined commands

    287
  • 18.2 User-defined command hooks

    288
  • 18.3 Command files

    289
  • 18.4 Commands for controlled output

    290
• 19 Using GDB under gnu Emacs

  293
• 20 GDB Annotations

  297
  • 20.1 What is an annotation?

    297
  • 20.2 The server prefix

    297
  • 20.3 Values

    298
  • 20.4 Frames

    299
  • 20.5 Displays

    301
  • 20.6 Annotation for GDB input

    301
  • 20.7 Errors

    302
  • 20.8 Information on breakpoints

    302
  • 20.9 Invalidation notices

    303
  • 20.10 Running the program

    303
  • 20.11 Displaying source

    304
  • 20.12 Annotations We Might Want in the Future

    305
• 21 The GDB/MI Interface

  307
  • 21.1 GDB/MI Command Syntax

    307
    • 21.1.1 GDB/MI Input syntax

      307
    • 21.1.2 GDB/MI Output syntax

      308
    • 21.1.3 Simple examples of GDB/MI interaction

      310
  • 21.2 GDB/MI compatibility with CLI

    310
  • 21.3 GDB/MI output records

    311
    • 21.3.1 GDB/MI result records

      311
    • 21.3.2 GDB/MI stream records

      311
    • 21.3.3 GDB/MI out-of-band records

      311
  • 21.4 GDB/MI command description format

    311
  • 21.5 GDB/MI breakpoint table commands

    312
  • 21.6 GDB/MI Data manipulation

    320
  • 21.7 GDB/MI program control

    330
  • 21.8 Miscellaneous GDB commands in GDB/MI

    339
  • 21.9 GDB/MI Stack Manipulation Commands

    341
  • 21.10 GDB/MI Symbol query commands

    346
  • 21.11 GDB/MI Target Manipulation Commands

    349
  • 21.12 GDB/MI thread commands

    353
  • 21.13 GDB/MI tracepoint commands

    355
  • 21.14 GDB/MI variable objects

    355
• 22 Reporting Bugs in GDB

  361
  • 22.1 Have you found a bug?

    361
  • 22.2 How to report bugs

    361
• A Installing GDB

  365
  • A.1 Compiling GDB in another directory

    366
  • A.2 Specifying names for hosts and targets

    367
  • A.3 configure options

    368