Manuais de utilizador para Citrix Systems 6

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• Citrix XenServer ® 6.0 Administrator's Guide

  1
• Contents

  3
• Document Overview

  19
  • Introducing XenServer

    19
    • Benefits of Using XenServer

      19
    • Administering XenServer

      20
    • XenServer Editions

      20
  • New Features in XenServer 6.0

    20
  • XenServer Documentation

    22
• Managing Users

  23
  • Authenticating Users With Active Directory (AD)

    23
    • Configuring Active Directory Authentication

      24
    • User Authentication

      26
    • Removing Access for a User

      27
    • Leaving an AD Domain

      28
  • Role Based Access Control

    28
    • Roles

      29
    • Definitions of RBAC Roles and Permissions

      30
    • Using RBAC with the CLI

      35
      • To List All the Available Defined Roles in XenServer

        35
      • To Display a List of Current Subjects:

        36
      • To Add a Subject to RBAC

        37
      • To Assign an RBAC Role to a Created subject

        37
      • To Change a Subject's RBAC Role:

        37
    • Auditing

      38
      • Audit Log xe CLI Commands

        38
      • To Obtain All Audit Records From the Pool

        38
      • To Obtain Audit Records of the Pool Since a Precise Millisecond Timestamp

        38
      • To Obtain Audit Records of the Pool Since a Precise Minute Timestamp

        38
    • How Does XenServer Compute the Roles for the Session?

      38
• XenServer Hosts and Resource Pools

  40
  • Hosts and Resource Pools Overview

    40
  • Requirements for Creating Resource Pools

    40
  • Creating a Resource Pool

    41
  • Creating Heterogeneous Resource Pools

    41
  • Adding Shared Storage

    42
  • Removing a XenServer Host from a Resource Pool

    43
  • Preparing a Pool of XenServer Hosts for Maintenance

    43
  • High Availability

    44
    • HA Overview

      44
      • Overcommitting

        44
      • Overcommitment Warning

        45
      • Host Fencing

        45
    • Configuration Requirements

      45
    • Restart Priorities

      46
  • Enabling HA on a XenServer Pool

    47
    • Enabling HA Using the CLI

      47
    • Removing HA Protection from a VM using the CLI

      47
    • Recovering an Unreachable Host

      48
    • Shutting Down a host When HA is Enabled

      48
    • Shutting Down a VM When it is Protected by HA

      48
  • Host Power On

    48
    • Powering on Hosts Remotely

      48
    • Using the CLI to Manage Host Power On

      49
      • To Enable Host Power On Using the CLI

        49
      • To Turn on Hosts Remotely Using the CLI

        49
    • Configuring a Custom Script for XenServer's Host Power On Feature

      49
      • Key/Value Pairs

        50
        • host.power_on_mode

          50
        • host.power_on_config

          50
      • Sample Script

        50
• Storage

  52
  • Storage Overview

    52
    • Storage Repositories (SRs)

      52
    • Virtual Disk Images (VDIs)

      52
    • Physical Block Devices (PBDs)

      52
    • Virtual Block Devices (VBDs)

      53
    • Summary of Storage objects

      53
    • Virtual Disk Data Formats

      53
      • VHD-based VDIs

        53
        • VHD Chain Coalescing

          54
        • Space Utilization

          54
      • LUN-based VDIs

        54
  • Storage Repository Types

    55
    • Local LVM

      55
      • Creating a Local LVM SR (lvm)

        56
    • Local EXT3 VHD

      56
      • Creating a Local EXT3 SR (ext)

        56
    • udev

      56
    • ISO

      56
    • Software iSCSI Support

      57
      • XenServer Host iSCSI configuration

        57
    • Citrix StorageLink SRs

      57
      • Upgrading XenServer with StorageLink SRs

        58
      • Creating a Shared StorageLink SR

        58
    • Managing Hardware Host Bus Adapters (HBAs)

      62
      • Sample QLogic iSCSI HBA setup

        62
      • Removing HBA-based SAS, FC or iSCSI Device Entries

        63
    • LVM over iSCSI

      63
      • Creating a Shared LVM Over iSCSI SR Using the Software iSCSI Initiator (lvmoiscsi)

        63
      • Creating a Shared LVM over Fibre Channel / iSCSI HBA or SAS SR (lvmohba)

        64
    • NFS VHD

      66
      • Creating a Shared NFS SR (NFS)

        67
    • LVM over Hardware HBA

      67
  • Storage Configuration

    67
    • Creating Storage Repositories

      67
    • Upgrading LVM Storage from XenServer 5.0 or Earlier

      68
    • LVM Performance Considerations

      68
      • VDI Types

        68
      • Creating a Raw Virtual Disk Using the xe CLI

        69
    • Converting Between VDI Formats

      69
    • Probing an SR

      69
    • Storage Multipathing

      72
    • MPP RDAC Driver Support for LSI Arrays.

      73
  • Managing Storage Repositories

    73
    • Destroying or Forgetting a SR

      73
    • Introducing an SR

      73
    • Resizing an SR

      74
    • Converting Local Fibre Channel SRs to Shared SRs

      74
    • Moving Virtual Disk Images (VDIs) Between SRs

      75
      • Copying All of a VMs VDIs to a Different SR

        75
      • Copying Individual VDIs to a Different SR

        75
    • Adjusting the Disk IO Scheduler

      75
    • Automatically Reclaiming Space When Deleting Snapshots

      76
      • Reclaiming Space Using the Off Line Coalesce Tool

        76
  • Virtual Disk QoS Settings

    77
• Configuring VM Memory

  79
  • What is Dynamic Memory Control (DMC)?

    79
    • The Concept of Dynamic Range

      79
    • The Concept of Static Range

      80
    • DMC Behaviour

      80
    • How Does DMC Work?

      80
    • Memory Constraints

      81
    • Supported Operating Systems

      81
  • xe CLI Commands

    82
    • Display the Static Memory Properties of a VM

      82
    • Display the Dynamic Memory Properties of a VM

      83
    • Updating Memory Properties

      83
    • Update Individual Memory Properties

      84
  • Upgrade Issues

    84
  • Workload Balancing Interaction

    84
• Xen Memory Usage

  85
  • Setting Control Domain Memory

    85
• Networking

  87
  • Networking Support

    87
  • vSwitch Networks

    87
  • XenServer Networking Overview

    88
    • Network Objects

      88
    • Networks

      89
    • VLANs

      89
      • Using VLANs with Management Interfaces

        89
      • Using VLANs with Virtual Machines

        89
      • Using VLANs with Dedicated Storage NICs

        89
      • Combining Management Interfaces and Guest VLANs on a Single Host NIC

        89
    • NIC Bonds

      89
      • Switch Configuration

        91
      • Active-Active Bonding

        92
      • Active-Passive Bonding

        93
    • Initial Networking Configuration

      94
  • Managing Networking Configuration

    94
    • Cross-Server Private networks

      94
    • Creating Networks in a Standalone Server

      95
    • Creating Networks in Resource Pools

      96
    • Creating VLANs

      96
    • Creating NIC Bonds on a Standalone Host

      96
      • Creating a NIC bond

        97
      • Controlling the MAC Address of the Bond

        97
      • Reverting NIC bonds

        98
    • Creating NIC bonds in resource pools

      98
      • Adding NIC bonds to new resource pools

        98
      • Adding NIC bonds to an existing pool

        99
    • Configuring a dedicated storage NIC

      99
    • Using SR-IOV Enabled NICs

      100
    • Controlling the rate of outgoing data (QoS)

      100
    • Changing networking configuration options

      101
      • Hostname

        102
      • DNS servers

        102
      • Changing IP address configuration for a standalone host

        102
      • Changing IP address configuration in resource pools

        102
      • Primary management interface

        103
      • Disabling management access

        103
      • Adding a new physical NIC

        103
  • Networking Troubleshooting

    103
    • Diagnosing network corruption

      104
    • Recovering from a bad network configuration

      104
• Disaster Recovery and Backup

  105
  • Understanding XenServer DR

    105
  • DR Infrastructure Requirements

    106
  • Deployment Considerations

    107
    • Steps to Take Before a Disaster

      107
    • Steps to Take After a Disaster

      107
    • Steps to Take After a Recovery

      107
  • Enabling Disaster Recovery in XenCenter

    107
  • Recovering VMs and vApps in the Event of Disaster (Failover)

    108
  • Restoring VMs and vApps to the Primary Site After Disaster (Failback)

    108
  • Test Failover

    109
  • vApps

    110
    • Using the Manage vApps dialog box in XenCenter

      111
  • Backing Up and Restoring XenServer Hosts and VMs

    111
    • Backing up Virtual Machine metadata

      112
      • Backing up single host installations

        113
      • Backing up pooled installations

        113
    • Backing up XenServer hosts

      113
    • Backing up VMs

      114
  • VM Snapshots

    115
    • Regular Snapshots

      115
    • Quiesced Snapshots

      115
    • Snapshots with memory

      115
    • Creating a VM Snapshot

      115
    • Creating a snapshot with memory

      116
    • To list all of the snapshots on a XenServer pool

      116
    • To list the snapshots on a particular VM

      116
    • Restoring a VM to its previous state

      117
      • Deleting a snapshot

        117
    • Snapshot Templates

      118
      • Creating a template from a snapshot

        118
      • Exporting a snapshot to a template

        118
      • Advanced Notes for Quiesced Snapshots

        119
  • VM Protection and Recovery

    120
    • Naming convention for VM archive folders

      120
  • Coping with machine failures

    120
    • Member failures

      121
    • Master failures

      121
    • Pool failures

      122
    • Coping with Failure due to Configuration Errors

      122
    • Physical Machine failure

      122
• Monitoring and Managing XenServer

  124
  • Alerts

    124
    • Customizing Alerts

      125
    • Configuring Email Alerts

      126
  • Custom Fields and Tags

    127
  • Custom Searches

    127
  • Determining throughput of physical bus adapters

    127
• Troubleshooting

  128
  • XenServer host logs

    128
    • Sending host log messages to a central server

      128
  • XenCenter logs

    129
  • Troubleshooting connections between XenCenter and the XenServer host

    129
• Appendix A. Command Line Interface

  130
  • Basic xe Syntax

    130
  • Special Characters and Syntax

    131
  • Command Types

    131
    • Parameter Types

      132
    • Low-level Parameter Commands

      133
    • Low-level List Commands

      133
  • xe Command Reference

    134
    • Appliance Commands

      134
      • Appliance Parameters

        134
      • appliance-assert-can-be-recovered

        134
      • appliance-create

        134
      • appliance-destroy

        135
      • appliance-recover

        135
      • appliance-shutdown

        135
      • appliance-start

        135
    • Audit Commands

      135
      • audit-log-get parameters

        135
      • audit-log-get

        135
    • Bonding Commands

      136
      • Bond Parameters

        136
      • bond-create

        136
      • bond-destroy

        136
    • CD Commands

      136
      • CD Parameters

        136
      • cd-list

        137
    • Console Commands

      138
      • Console Parameters

        138
    • Disaster Recovery (DR) Commands

      138
      • drtask-create

        138
      • drtask-destroy

        139
      • vm-assert-can-be-recovered

        139
      • appliance-assert-can-be-recovered

        139
      • appliance-recover

        139
      • vm-recover

        139
      • sr-enable-database-replication

        139
      • sr-disable-database-replication

        139
      • Example Usage

        139
    • Event Commands

      140
      • Event Classes

        140
      • event-wait

        141
    • GPU Commands

      141
      • Physical GPU (pGPU) Parameters

        141
      • GPU Group Parameters

        142
      • Virtual GPU (vGPU) Parameters

        142
      • vgpu-create

        143
      • vgpu-destroy

        143
    • Host Commands

      143
      • Host Selectors

        143
      • Host Parameters

        144
      • host-backup

        147
      • host-bugreport-upload

        147
      • host-crashdump-destroy

        147
      • host-crashdump-upload

        147
      • host-disable

        147
      • host-dmesg

        147
      • host-emergency-management-reconfigure

        148
      • host-enable

        148
      • host-evacuate

        148
      • host-forget

        148
      • host-get-system-status

        148
      • host-get-system-status-capabilities

        149
      • host-is-in-emergency-mode

        150
      • host-apply-edition

        150
      • host-license-add

        150
      • host-license-view

        150
      • host-logs-download

        150
      • host-management-disable

        150
      • host-management-reconfigure

        151
      • host-power-on

        151
      • host-get-cpu-features

        151
      • host-set-cpu-features

        151
      • host-set-power-on

        151
      • host-reboot

        151
      • host-restore

        152
      • host-set-hostname-live

        152
      • host-shutdown

        152
      • host-syslog-reconfigure

        152
      • host-data-source-list

        153
      • host-data-source-record

        153
      • host-data-source-forget

        153
      • host-data-source-query

        153
    • Log Commands

      154
      • log-set-output

        154
    • Message Commands

      154
      • Message Parameters

        154
      • message-create

        154
      • message-destroy

        155
      • message-list

        155
    • Network Commands

      155
      • Network Parameters

        155
      • network-create

        156
      • network-destroy

        156
    • Patch (Update) Commands

      156
      • Patch Parameters

        156
      • patch-apply

        157
      • patch-clean

        157
      • patch-pool-apply

        157
      • patch-precheck

        157
      • patch-upload

        157
    • PBD Commands

      157
      • PBD Parameters

        157
      • pbd-create

        158
      • pbd-destroy

        158
      • pbd-plug

        158
      • pbd-unplug

        158
    • PIF Commands

      158
      • PIF Parameters

        159
      • pif-forget

        161
      • pif-introduce

        161
      • pif-plug

        161
      • pif-reconfigure-ip

        161
      • pif-scan

        162
      • pif-unplug

        162
    • Pool Commands

      162
      • Pool Parameters

        162
      • pool-designate-new-master

        163
      • pool-dump-database

        163
      • pool-eject

        164
      • pool-emergency-reset-master

        164
      • pool-emergency-transition-to-master

        164
      • pool-ha-enable

        164
      • pool-ha-disable

        164
      • pool-join

        164
      • pool-recover-slaves

        164
      • pool-restore-database

        164
      • pool-sync-database

        164
    • Storage Manager Commands

      165
      • SM Parameters

        165
    • SR Commands

      165
      • SR Parameters

        165
      • sr-create

        166
      • sr-destroy

        167
      • sr-enable-database-replication

        167
      • sr-disable-database-replication

        167
      • sr-forget

        167
      • sr-introduce

        167
      • sr-probe

        167
      • sr-scan

        167
    • Task Commands

      168
      • Task Parameters

        168
      • task-cancel

        169
    • Template Commands

      169
      • Template Parameters

        169
      • template-export

        175
    • Update Commands

      175
      • update-upload

        176
    • User Commands

      176
      • user-password-change

        176
    • VBD Commands

      176
      • VBD Parameters

        176
      • vbd-create

        177
      • vbd-destroy

        178
      • vbd-eject

        178
      • vbd-insert

        178
      • vbd-plug

        178
      • vbd-unplug

        178
    • VDI Commands

      178
      • VDI Parameters

        179
      • vdi-clone

        180
      • vdi-copy

        180
      • vdi-create

        180
      • vdi-destroy

        181
      • vdi-forget

        181
      • vdi-import

        181
      • vdi-introduce

        181
      • vdi-resize

        181
      • vdi-snapshot

        182
      • vdi-unlock

        182
    • VIF Commands

      182
      • VIF Parameters

        182
      • vif-create

        184
      • vif-destroy

        184
      • vif-plug

        184
      • vif-unplug

        184
    • VLAN Commands

      184
      • vlan-create

        185
      • pool-vlan-create

        185
      • vlan-destroy

        185
    • VM Commands

      185
      • VM Selectors

        185
      • VM Parameters

        185
      • vm-assert-can-be-recovered

        192
      • vm-cd-add

        192
      • vm-cd-eject

        192
      • vm-cd-insert

        192
      • vm-cd-list

        192
      • vm-cd-remove

        192
      • vm-clone

        193
      • vm-compute-maximum-memory

        193
      • vm-copy

        193
      • vm-crashdump-list

        193
      • vm-data-source-list

        194
      • vm-data-source-record

        194
      • vm-data-source-forget

        194
      • vm-data-source-query

        194
      • vm-destroy

        195
      • vm-disk-add

        195
      • vm-disk-list

        195
      • vm-disk-remove

        195
      • vm-export

        195
      • vm-import

        196
      • vm-install

        196
      • vm-memory-shadow-multiplier-set

        197
      • vm-migrate

        197
      • vm-reboot

        197
      • vm-recover

        197
      • vm-reset-powerstate

        197
      • vm-resume

        198
      • vm-shutdown

        198
      • vm-start

        198
      • vm-suspend

        198
      • vm-uninstall

        199
      • vm-vcpu-hotplug

        199
      • vm-vif-list

        199
    • Workload Balancing XE Commands

      199
      • pool-initialize-wlb

        199
      • pool-param-set other-config

        199
      • pool-retrieve-wlb-diagnostics

        200
      • host-retrieve-wlb-evacuate-recommendations

        200
      • vm-retrieve-wlb-recommendations

        200
      • pool-certificate-list

        200
      • pool-certificate-install

        200
      • pool-certificate-sync

        200
      • pool-param-set

        200
      • pool-deconfigure-wlb

        201
      • pool-retrieve-wlb-configuration

        201
      • pool-retrieve-wlb-recommendations

        201
      • pool-retrieve-wlb-report

        201
      • pool-send-wlb-configuration

        202
• Appendix B. Workload Balancing Service Commands

  204
  • Service Commands

    204
    • Logging in to the Workload Balancing Virtual Appliance

      204
    • service workloadbalancing restart

      204
    • service workloadbalancing start

      204
    • service workloadbalancing stop

      204
    • service workloadbalancing status

      204
    • Modifying the Workload Balancing configuration options

      205
    • Editing the Workload Balancing configuration file

      205
    • Increasing the Detail in the Workload Balancing Log

      206