Intel 820E Benutzerhandbuch
Intel
®
820E Chipset
R
118
Design
Guide
2.22.4.4.2. Distance from the Intel
®
82562ET Component to the Magnetics
Module
Distance ‘B’ in Figure 73 also should be designed to be less than 1 inch between devices. The high-speed
nature of the signals propagating through these traces requires that the distance between these
components be observed closely. Generally speaking, any trace section intended for use with high-speed
signals should comply with proper termination practices. Proper signal termination can reduce reflections
caused by impedance mismatches between a device and the traces. Reflected signals may have a high-
frequency component that may contribute more EMI than the original signal itself. For this reason, these
traces should be designed with a 100
nature of the signals propagating through these traces requires that the distance between these
components be observed closely. Generally speaking, any trace section intended for use with high-speed
signals should comply with proper termination practices. Proper signal termination can reduce reflections
caused by impedance mismatches between a device and the traces. Reflected signals may have a high-
frequency component that may contribute more EMI than the original signal itself. For this reason, these
traces should be designed with a 100
Ω
differential value. These traces also should be symmetric and of
equal length within each differential pair.
2.22.4.5.
Reducing Circuit Inductance
The following guidelines explain how to reduce circuit inductance in both backplanes and motherboards.
Traces should be routed over a continuous ground plane with no interruptions. If there are vacant areas
on a ground or power plane, the signal conductors should not cross them. This increases inductance and
associated radiated-noise levels. To reduce coupling, noisy logic grounds should be separated from
analog signal grounds. Noisy logic grounds sometimes can affect sensitive DC subsystems, such as
analog-to-digital conversion, operational amplifiers, etc. All ground vias should be connected to every
ground plane. Similarly, every power via should be connected to all power planes at equal potential. This
helps reduce circuit inductance. It also is recommended to physically locate grounds so as to minimize
the loop area between a signal path and its return path. Rise and fall times should be as slow as possible.
Because signals with fast rise and fall times contain many high-frequency harmonics, significant radiation
can result. The most-sensitive signal returns closest to the chassis ground should be connected. This
results in a smaller loop area and reduces the likelihood of crosstalk. The effect of different
configurations on the amount of crosstalk can be studied using electronics modeling software.
Traces should be routed over a continuous ground plane with no interruptions. If there are vacant areas
on a ground or power plane, the signal conductors should not cross them. This increases inductance and
associated radiated-noise levels. To reduce coupling, noisy logic grounds should be separated from
analog signal grounds. Noisy logic grounds sometimes can affect sensitive DC subsystems, such as
analog-to-digital conversion, operational amplifiers, etc. All ground vias should be connected to every
ground plane. Similarly, every power via should be connected to all power planes at equal potential. This
helps reduce circuit inductance. It also is recommended to physically locate grounds so as to minimize
the loop area between a signal path and its return path. Rise and fall times should be as slow as possible.
Because signals with fast rise and fall times contain many high-frequency harmonics, significant radiation
can result. The most-sensitive signal returns closest to the chassis ground should be connected. This
results in a smaller loop area and reduces the likelihood of crosstalk. The effect of different
configurations on the amount of crosstalk can be studied using electronics modeling software.
2.22.4.6.
Terminating Unused Connections
In Ethernet designs, it is common practice to terminate unused connections on the RJ-45 connector and
the magnetics module to ground. Depending on overall shielding and grounding design, grounding may
be to the chassis ground, signal ground or a termination plane. Care must be taken when using various
grounding methods, to insure that emission requirements are met. The method most often implemented is
use of a floating termination plane, which is cut out of a power plane layer. This floating plane acts as a
plate of a capacitor with an adjacent ground plane. The signals can be routed through 75
the magnetics module to ground. Depending on overall shielding and grounding design, grounding may
be to the chassis ground, signal ground or a termination plane. Care must be taken when using various
grounding methods, to insure that emission requirements are met. The method most often implemented is
use of a floating termination plane, which is cut out of a power plane layer. This floating plane acts as a
plate of a capacitor with an adjacent ground plane. The signals can be routed through 75
Ω
resistors to
the plane. The stray energy on unused pins is then carried to the plane.
2.22.4.6.1. Termination Plane Capacitance
The recommended minimum termination plane capacitance is 1500 pF. This helps reduce the amount of
crosstalk on the differential pairs (TDP/TDN and RDP/RDN), from the unused pairs of the RJ45. Pads
may be placed for additional capacitance to chassis ground, which may be required if the termplane
capacitance is not high enough to pass EFT (Electrical Fast Transient) testing. To meet EFT
requirements, used discrete capacitors should be rated at 1000 V
crosstalk on the differential pairs (TDP/TDN and RDP/RDN), from the unused pairs of the RJ45. Pads
may be placed for additional capacitance to chassis ground, which may be required if the termplane
capacitance is not high enough to pass EFT (Electrical Fast Transient) testing. To meet EFT
requirements, used discrete capacitors should be rated at 1000 V
AC
minimum.