Microchip Technology IC PIC MCU PIC18F65J15-I/PT TQFP-64 MCP PIC18F65J15-I/PT Data Sheet
Product codes
PIC18F65J15-I/PT
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 249
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
20.2
EUSART Asynchronous Mode
The Asynchronous mode of operation is selected by
clearing the SYNC bit (TXSTAx<4>). In this mode, the
EUSART uses standard Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ)
format (one Start bit, eight or nine data bits and one Stop
bit). The most common data format is 8 bits. An on-chip
dedicated 8-bit/16-bit Baud Rate Generator can be used
to derive standard baud rate frequencies from the
oscillator.
The EUSART transmits and receives the LSb first. The
EUSART’s transmitter and receiver are functionally
independent but use the same data format and baud
rate. The Baud Rate Generator produces a clock, either
x16 or x64 of the bit shift rate, depending on the BRGH
and BRG16 bits (TXSTAx<2> and BAUDCONx<3>).
Parity is not supported by the hardware but can be
implemented in software and stored as the 9th data bit.
When operating in Asynchronous mode, the EUSART
module consists of the following important elements:
• Baud Rate Generator
• Sampling Circuit
• Asynchronous Transmitter
• Asynchronous Receiver
• Auto-Wake-up on Sync Break Character
• 12-Bit Break Character Transmit
• Auto-Baud Rate Detection
clearing the SYNC bit (TXSTAx<4>). In this mode, the
EUSART uses standard Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ)
format (one Start bit, eight or nine data bits and one Stop
bit). The most common data format is 8 bits. An on-chip
dedicated 8-bit/16-bit Baud Rate Generator can be used
to derive standard baud rate frequencies from the
oscillator.
The EUSART transmits and receives the LSb first. The
EUSART’s transmitter and receiver are functionally
independent but use the same data format and baud
rate. The Baud Rate Generator produces a clock, either
x16 or x64 of the bit shift rate, depending on the BRGH
and BRG16 bits (TXSTAx<2> and BAUDCONx<3>).
Parity is not supported by the hardware but can be
implemented in software and stored as the 9th data bit.
When operating in Asynchronous mode, the EUSART
module consists of the following important elements:
• Baud Rate Generator
• Sampling Circuit
• Asynchronous Transmitter
• Asynchronous Receiver
• Auto-Wake-up on Sync Break Character
• 12-Bit Break Character Transmit
• Auto-Baud Rate Detection
20.2.1
EUSART ASYNCHRONOUS
TRANSMITTER
TRANSMITTER
The EUSART transmitter block diagram is shown in
Figure 20-3. The heart of the transmitter is the Transmit
(Serial) Shift Register (TSR). The Shift register obtains
its data from the Read/Write Transmit Buffer register,
TXREGx. The TXREGx register is loaded with data in
software. The TSR register is not loaded until the Stop
bit has been transmitted from the previous load. As
soon as the Stop bit is transmitted, the TSR is loaded
with new data from the TXREGx register (if available).
Figure 20-3. The heart of the transmitter is the Transmit
(Serial) Shift Register (TSR). The Shift register obtains
its data from the Read/Write Transmit Buffer register,
TXREGx. The TXREGx register is loaded with data in
software. The TSR register is not loaded until the Stop
bit has been transmitted from the previous load. As
soon as the Stop bit is transmitted, the TSR is loaded
with new data from the TXREGx register (if available).
Once the TXREGx register transfers the data to the TSR
register (occurs in one T
register (occurs in one T
CY
), the TXREGx register is
empty and the TXxIF flag bit is set. This interrupt can be
enabled or disabled by setting or clearing the interrupt
enable bit, TXxIE. TXxIF will be set regardless of the
state of TXxIE; it cannot be cleared in software. TXxIF is
also not cleared immediately upon loading TXREGx, but
becomes valid in the second instruction cycle following
the load instruction. Polling TX1IF immediately following
a load of TXREGx will return invalid results.
While TXxIF indicates the status of the TXREGx regis-
ter, another bit, TRMT (TXSTAx<1>), shows the status
of the TSR register. TRMT is a read-only bit which is set
when the TSR register is empty. No interrupt logic is
tied to this bit so the user has to poll this bit in order to
determine if the TSR register is empty.
enabled or disabled by setting or clearing the interrupt
enable bit, TXxIE. TXxIF will be set regardless of the
state of TXxIE; it cannot be cleared in software. TXxIF is
also not cleared immediately upon loading TXREGx, but
becomes valid in the second instruction cycle following
the load instruction. Polling TX1IF immediately following
a load of TXREGx will return invalid results.
While TXxIF indicates the status of the TXREGx regis-
ter, another bit, TRMT (TXSTAx<1>), shows the status
of the TSR register. TRMT is a read-only bit which is set
when the TSR register is empty. No interrupt logic is
tied to this bit so the user has to poll this bit in order to
determine if the TSR register is empty.
To set up an Asynchronous Transmission:
1.
1.
Initialize the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx registers for
the appropriate baud rate. Set or clear the
BRGH and BRG16 bits, as required, to achieve
the desired baud rate.
the appropriate baud rate. Set or clear the
BRGH and BRG16 bits, as required, to achieve
the desired baud rate.
2.
Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing
bit, SYNC, and setting bit, SPEN.
bit, SYNC, and setting bit, SPEN.
3.
If interrupts are desired, set enable bit, TXxIE.
4.
If 9-bit transmission is desired, set transmit bit,
TX9; can be used as address/data bit.
TX9; can be used as address/data bit.
5.
Enable the transmission by setting bit, TXEN,
which will also set bit, TXxIF.
which will also set bit, TXxIF.
6.
If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit
should be loaded in bit, TX9D.
should be loaded in bit, TX9D.
7.
Load data to the TXREGx register (starts
transmission).
transmission).
8.
If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE
bits in the INTCON register (INTCON<7:6>) are
set.
bits in the INTCON register (INTCON<7:6>) are
set.
FIGURE 20-3:
EUSART TRANSMIT BLOCK DIAGRAM
Note 1: The TSR register is not mapped in data
memory, so it is not available to the user.
2: Flag bit, TX1IF, is set when enable bit
TXEN is set.
TXxIF
TXxIE
Interrupt
TXEN
Baud Rate CLK
SPBRGx
Baud Rate Generator
TX9D
MSb
LSb
Data Bus
TXREGx Register
TSR Register
(8)
0
TX9
TRMT
SPEN
TXx Pin
Pin Buffer
and Control
8
• • •
SPBRGHx
BRG16