Microchip Technology MA330017 Data Sheet
dsPIC33FJ32MC202/204 and dsPIC33FJ16MC304
DS70283K-page 102
© 2007-2012 Microchip Technology Inc.
8.1
CPU Clocking System
The dsPIC33FJ32MC202/204 and
dsPIC33FJ16MC304 devices provide seven system
clock options:
• Fast RC (FRC) Oscillator
• FRC Oscillator with PLL
• Primary (XT, HS or EC) Oscillator
• Primary Oscillator with PLL
• Secondary (LP) Oscillator
• Low-Power RC (LPRC) Oscillator
• FRC Oscillator with postscaler
dsPIC33FJ16MC304 devices provide seven system
clock options:
• Fast RC (FRC) Oscillator
• FRC Oscillator with PLL
• Primary (XT, HS or EC) Oscillator
• Primary Oscillator with PLL
• Secondary (LP) Oscillator
• Low-Power RC (LPRC) Oscillator
• FRC Oscillator with postscaler
8.1.1
SYSTEM CLOCK SOURCES
8.1.1.1
Fast RC
The Fast RC (FRC) internal oscillator runs at a nominal
frequency of 7.37 MHz. User software can tune the
FRC frequency. User software can optionally specify a
factor (ranging from 1:2 to 1:256) by which the FRC
clock frequency is divided. This factor is selected using
the FRCDIV<2:0> bits (CLKDIV<10:8>).
frequency of 7.37 MHz. User software can tune the
FRC frequency. User software can optionally specify a
factor (ranging from 1:2 to 1:256) by which the FRC
clock frequency is divided. This factor is selected using
the FRCDIV<2:0> bits (CLKDIV<10:8>).
8.1.1.2
Primary
The primary oscillator can use one of the following as
its clock source:
• XT (Crystal): Crystals and ceramic resonators in
its clock source:
• XT (Crystal): Crystals and ceramic resonators in
the range of 3 MHz to 10 MHz. The crystal is
connected to the OSC1 and OSC2 pins.
connected to the OSC1 and OSC2 pins.
• HS (High-Speed Crystal): Crystals in the range of
10 MHz to 40 MHz. The crystal is connected to
the OSC1 and OSC2 pins.
the OSC1 and OSC2 pins.
• EC (External Clock): The external clock signal is
directly applied to the OSC1 pin.
8.1.1.3
Secondary
The secondary (LP) oscillator is designed for low power
and uses a 32.768 kHz crystal or ceramic resonator.
The LP oscillator uses the SOSCI and SOSCO pins.
and uses a 32.768 kHz crystal or ceramic resonator.
The LP oscillator uses the SOSCI and SOSCO pins.
8.1.1.4
Low-Power RC
The LPRC (Low-Power RC) internal oscIllator runs at a
nominal frequency of 32.768 kHz. It is also used as a
reference clock by the Watchdog Timer (WDT) and
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM).
nominal frequency of 32.768 kHz. It is also used as a
reference clock by the Watchdog Timer (WDT) and
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM).
8.1.1.5
FRC
The clock signals generated by the FRC and primary
oscillators can be optionally applied to an on-chip
Phase Locked Loop (PLL) to provide a wide range of
output frequencies for device operation. PLL
configuration is described in
oscillators can be optionally applied to an on-chip
Phase Locked Loop (PLL) to provide a wide range of
output frequencies for device operation. PLL
configuration is described in
.
The FRC frequency depends on the FRC accuracy
(see
(see
) and the value of the FRC Oscillator
Tuning register (see
).
8.1.2
SYSTEM CLOCK SELECTION
The oscillator source used at a device Power-on
Reset event is selected using Configuration bit
settings. The oscillator Configuration bit settings are
located in the Configuration registers in the program
memory. (Refer to
Reset event is selected using Configuration bit
settings. The oscillator Configuration bit settings are
located in the Configuration registers in the program
memory. (Refer to
for further details.) The Initial Oscillator
Selection Configuration bits, FNOSC<2:0>
(FOSCSEL<2:0>), and the Primary Oscillator Mode
Select Configuration bits, POSCMD<1:0>
(FOSC<1:0>), select the oscillator source that is used
at a Power-on Reset. The FRC primary oscillator is
the default (unprogrammed) selection.
The Configuration bits allow users to choose among 12
different clock modes, shown in
(FOSCSEL<2:0>), and the Primary Oscillator Mode
Select Configuration bits, POSCMD<1:0>
(FOSC<1:0>), select the oscillator source that is used
at a Power-on Reset. The FRC primary oscillator is
the default (unprogrammed) selection.
The Configuration bits allow users to choose among 12
different clock modes, shown in
.
The output of the oscillator (or the output of the PLL if
a PLL mode has been selected) F
a PLL mode has been selected) F
OSC
is divided by 2 to
generate the device instruction clock (F
CY
) and the
peripheral clock time base (F
P
). F
CY
defines the
operating speed of the device, and speeds up to 40
MHz are supported by the dsPIC33FJ32MC202/204
and dsPIC33FJ16MC304 architecture.
MHz are supported by the dsPIC33FJ32MC202/204
and dsPIC33FJ16MC304 architecture.
Instruction execution speed or device operating
frequency, F
frequency, F
CY
, is given by:
EQUATION 8-1:
DEVICE OPERATING
FREQUENCY
FREQUENCY
8.1.3
PLL CONFIGURATION
The primary oscillator and internal FRC oscillator can
optionally use an on-chip PLL to obtain higher speeds
of operation. The PLL provides significant flexibility in
selecting the device operating speed. A block diagram
of the PLL is shown in
optionally use an on-chip PLL to obtain higher speeds
of operation. The PLL provides significant flexibility in
selecting the device operating speed. A block diagram
of the PLL is shown in
.
The output of the primary oscillator or FRC, denoted as
‘F
‘F
IN
’, is divided down by a prescale factor (N1) of 2, 3,
... or 33 before being provided to the PLL’s Voltage
Controlled Oscillator (VCO). The input to the VCO must
be selected in the range of 0.8 MHz to 8 MHz. The
prescale factor ‘N1’ is selected using the
PLLPRE<4:0> bits (CLKDIV<4:0>).
The PLL Feedback Divisor, selected using the
PLLDIV<8:0> bits (PLLFBD<8:0>), provides a factor ‘M’,
by which the input to the VCO is multiplied. This factor
must be selected such that the resulting VCO output
frequency is in the range of 100 MHz to 200 MHz.
The VCO output is further divided by a postscale factor
‘N2.’ This factor is selected using the PLLPOST<1:0>
bits (CLKDIV<7:6>). ‘N2’ can be either 2, 4 or 8, and
must be selected such that the PLL output frequency
(F
Controlled Oscillator (VCO). The input to the VCO must
be selected in the range of 0.8 MHz to 8 MHz. The
prescale factor ‘N1’ is selected using the
PLLPRE<4:0> bits (CLKDIV<4:0>).
The PLL Feedback Divisor, selected using the
PLLDIV<8:0> bits (PLLFBD<8:0>), provides a factor ‘M’,
by which the input to the VCO is multiplied. This factor
must be selected such that the resulting VCO output
frequency is in the range of 100 MHz to 200 MHz.
The VCO output is further divided by a postscale factor
‘N2.’ This factor is selected using the PLLPOST<1:0>
bits (CLKDIV<7:6>). ‘N2’ can be either 2, 4 or 8, and
must be selected such that the PLL output frequency
(F
OSC
) is in the range of 12.5 MHz to 80 MHz, which
generates device operating speeds of 6.25-40 MIPS.
F
CY
F
OSC
2
-------------
=