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programmers through the RDRAND instruction. The resultant random number
generation capability is designed to comply with existing industry standards in this
regard (ANSI X9.82 and NIST SP 800-90).
Some possible usages of the RDRAND instruction include cryptographic key generation
as used in a variety of applications, including communication, digital signatures,
secure storage, and so on.
Intel
®
 Transactional Synchronization Extensions - New
Instructions (Intel
®
 TSX-NI)
Intel Transactional Synchronization Extensions - New Instructions (Intel TSX-NI). Intel
TSX-NI provides a set of instruction extensions that allow programmers to specify
regions of code for transactional synchronization. Programmers can use these
extensions to achieve the performance of fine-grain locking while actually
programming using coarse-grain locks. Details on Intel TSX-NI are in the Intel
®
Architecture Instruction Set Extensions Programming Reference.
Intel
®
 64 Architecture x2APIC
The x2APIC architecture extends the xAPIC architecture that provides key
mechanisms for interrupt delivery. This extension is primarily intended to increase
processor addressability.
Specifically, x2APIC:
Retains all key elements of compatibility to the xAPIC architecture:
— Delivery modes
— Interrupt and processor priorities
— Interrupt sources
— Interrupt destination types
Provides extensions to scale processor addressability for both the logical and
physical destination modes
Adds new features to enhance performance of interrupt delivery
Reduces complexity of logical destination mode interrupt delivery on link based
architectures
The key enhancements provided by the x2APIC architecture over xAPIC are the
following:
Support for two modes of operation to provide backward compatibility and
extensibility for future platform innovations:
— In xAPIC compatibility mode, APIC registers are accessed through memory
mapped interface to a 4K-Byte page, identical to the xAPIC architecture.
— In x2APIC mode, APIC registers are accessed through Model Specific Register
(MSR) interfaces. In this mode, the x2APIC architecture provides significantly
increased processor addressability and some enhancements on interrupt
delivery.
Increased range of processor addressability in x2APIC mode:
3.7  
3.8  
Processor—Technologies
Mobile 4th Generation Intel
®
 Core
 Processor Family, Mobile Intel
®
 Pentium
®
 Processor Family, and Mobile Intel
®
 Celeron
®
Processor Family
Datasheet – Volume 1 of 2
July 2014
48
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