Sensors & Software Inc. NG250 ユーザーズマニュアル

Noggin

12-Survey & Map Mode

79

Noggin systems can be used to scan into many different materials including soil, rock, concrete,
snow, ice and wood.  The radio wave emitted by a Noggin system will travel at different velocities
depending on the material being scanned.  The depth value (see Section 12.3.1: P.84) and on
Depth Lines (see Section 12.2.4: P.72) are only accurate if the system has been properly
calibrated to determine the velocity of the material being scanned. See Depth on page 84 for
more details about how depth is calculated.

The Calibration function is a tool for determining the velocity of the material being scanned.  A

velocity value can be input directly (see Section 12.3.1.2: p.85) or determined in one of two

different ways depending on the situation:

1)

Hyperbola matching

2)

Target of known depth

Note that unlike the Calibration with Noggin systems (see Section 12.2.11: P.79), the
Noggin

the Noggin calibration, once a velocity is determined, the user must enter it into the
System Parameters (see Velocity on page 85).

The most accurate way of determining the velocity of the material being scanned is to use the
hyperbola-fitting method because it extracts the velocity using data collected in the area.  This
method may not work in all situations because it depends on having a good quality hyperbola (or
inverted U) in the data.  

A hyperbola is the characteristic GPR response from a small point target like a pipe, rock or even
a tree root.  This phenomenon occurs because radar energy does not radiate as a pencil-thin
beam but more like a 3D cone. Reflections can appear on the record even though the object is
not directly below the radar system. Thus, the radar system “sees” the pipe before and after
going over top of it and forms a hyperbolic reflection.

If the hyperbola has long tails on it, we can match the shape of the hyperbola and determine the
velocity of the material in the area.