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Provide combustion and ventilation air in accordance 

with the section “Air for Combustion and Ventilation”, 

of the National Fuel Gas Code, ANSI Z223.1/NFPA 54, 

or applicable provisions of the local building codes.

Boiler is located in unconfined space in building or 

conventional construction frame, masonry or metal 

building, infiltration normally is adequate to provide air 

for combustion and ventilation. However, if equipment 

is located in building of tight construction (See National 

Fuel Gas Code, ANSI Z223.1), boiler area should be 

considered as confined space. If there is any doubt, 

install air supply provisions in accordance with latest 

revision of National Fuel Gas Code.

Boiler is installed in unconfined space, in building of 

tight construction, air for combustion and ventilation 

must be obtained from outdoors or from spaces freely 

communicating with outdoors. Permanent opening 

or openings having total free area of not less than 1 

square inch per 5,000 Btu per hour of total input rating 

of all appliances shall be provided. Ducts may be used 

to convey makeup air from outdoors and shall have 

same cross-sectional area of openings to which they 

are connected.

When air for combustion and ventilation is from inside 

buildings, confined space shall be provided with two 

permanent openings, one starting 12 inches from top 

and one 12 inches from bottom of enclosed space. Each 

opening shall have minimum free area of 1 square inch 

per one thousand (1000) Btu per hour of total input 

rating of all appliances in enclosed space, but must 

not be less than one hundred (100) square inches. 

Openings must freely communicate directly with other 

spaces of sufficient volume so combined volume of all 

spaces meets criteria for unconfined space. Figure 1.

When boiler is installed in confined space and all 

air is provided from outdoors confined space shall 

be provided with one or two permanent openings 

according to methods A or B (see page 10). When 

ducts are used, they shall be of same cross sectional 

area as free area of area of openings to which they 

connect. Minimum dimension of rectangular air ducts 

shall be not less than 3 x 3 inches or 9 square inches.