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The collection of standards which define the different types of CDs. Through these standards, it 
has been achieved that CDs can be read and processed by as many devices and operating 
systems of the different manufacturers as possible. 

A book setting the standards for the Compact Disc physical format and audio recording methods, 
published by Philips and Sony in 1981. 

An inter-related writing procedure is defined as a session. A session consists of the Lead In area, 
the data area, and the Lead Out area. A CD can be written with several sessions. This is then 
called a multi-session CD, in contrast to a single-session CD which only contains one session. A 
silver CD generally consists of one session. 

Contents of the Lead-in, this contains the addresses of all the tracks on the CD. 

In an Audio-CD, one track corresponds to one piece of music. With a CD-ROM, one track 
contains computer data and it may have any number of files and folders. 

UDF is short for Universal Disc Format, another file layout standard for CDROM. The UDF format 
can use in CD-R, CD-RW, and DVD by Packet writing method, which would not cause "Buffer 
Under-Run" and can be compatible with ISO9660.The advantage of UDF is provided similar 
function like hard disk. 

A CD-ROM storing MPEG-1-compressed moving pictures, still pictures, audio sounds etc. 

A DVD-ROM storing MPEG-2-compressed moving pictures, still pictures, audio sounds etc. 

A book of CD-ROM standards published by Philips and Sony in 1985.