SPRINGCARD SAS PRNHSP01 用户手册
PMD2271-BA
page 10 of 118
S
PRING
C
ARD
PC/SC C
OUPLERS
- H663
GROUP
- Developer's reference manual
2. PC/SC,
SMARTCARDS
AND
NFC:
QUICK
INTRODUCTION
AND
GLOSSARY
2.1. S
MART
-
CARD
AND
CONTACTLESS
SMARTCARDS
STANDARDS
A smartcard is a microprocessor (running a software of course) mounted in a plastic card.
The ISO 7816 family of standards defines everything for contact smartcards:
The ISO 7816 family of standards defines everything for contact smartcards:
ISO 7816-1 and ISO 7816-2 defines the form-factor and electrical characteristics,
ISO 7816-3 introduces two transport-level protocols between the coupler and the card:
“T=0” and “T=1”,
ISO 7816-4 mandates a common function set. This function set exposes the smartcard as a
small file-system, with directories and files, where the data are stored. The application-
small file-system, with directories and files, where the data are stored. The application-
level frames are called APDUs.
The ISO 14443 family is the normative reference for contactless smartcards:
ISO 14443-1 and ISO 14443-2 defines the form-factor, RF characteristics, and bit-level
communication,
communication,
ISO 14443-3 specifies the byte- and frame-levels part of the communication
ISO 14443-4 introduces a transport-level protocol that more-or-less looks like T=1, so it is
often called “T=CL” (but this name never appears is the standard).
On top of T=CL, the contactless smartcard is supposed to have the same function set and APDUs
formatting rules as contact smartcard, i.e. it should be “ISO 7816-4 on top of ISO 14443”.
formatting rules as contact smartcard, i.e. it should be “ISO 7816-4 on top of ISO 14443”.
In this context, working with a smartcard (either contact or contactless) is as easy as sending a
command (C-APDU) to the card, and receive its response (R-APDU). The “smartcard reader” is only
a gateway that implements this APDU exchange stuff (with a relative abstraction from the
a gateway that implements this APDU exchange stuff (with a relative abstraction from the
transport-level protocols).
1
ISO 14443-2 and -3 are divided into 2 technologies: ISO 14443 type A and ISO 14443 type B. They use different codings and low-
level protocols, but the transport protocol defined in ISO 14443-4 is type-agnostic: it makes no difference whether the card is type
A or type B.
A or type B.
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