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GENERAL OPERATION
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3.7.2  CONVENTIONAL MODE
This is a non-trunked operating mode which 
accesses independent radio channels. There is no auto-
matic access to several channels. Selecting a conven-
tional channel selects a transmit and receive frequency 
and other channel parameters such as squelch control 
coding. 
Conventional channels can be either standard 
(analog) or Project 25 (digital). With digital operation, 
the DSP (Digital Signal Processor) converts the audio 
signal to digital data which is sent over the air as 
complex tones. Another difference is that analog chan-
nels use Call Guard (CTCSS/DCS) squelch control 
and Project 25 channels use a NAC (Network Access 
Code) and talk group ID codes. 
With Project 25 operation, a NAC is transmitted 
and it must match the NAC programmed in the base 
equipment and the mobile(s) being called for commu-
nication to occur. In addition, to receive standard group 
calls, the receiving mobile must be programmed to 
detect the transmitted talk group ID code. 
With conventional operation, a busy channel 
condition is detected automatically if the busy channel 
lockout (transmit disable on busy) feature is 
programmed. Otherwise, it must be detected manually. 
An out-of-range condition is not indicated by special 
tones or messages as with SMARTNET operation 
because there is no initial data exchange with the 
repeater that allows this condition to be detected. 
Operating features unique to conventional channels 
are described in Section 5.
3.7.3  SMARTNET/SMARTZONE MODE
This is a trunked operating mode in which auto-
matic access is provided to several RF channels. ID 
codes are used to select what mobiles are being called 
and what calls are received. Monitoring is performed 
automatically and special messages and tones indicate 
busy and out-of-range conditions. 
SMARTNET and SmartZone operation and 
programming is very similar. Basically, SMARTNET 
operation is limited to a single repeater site and Smart-
Zone operation allows automatic roaming between 
sites. Enhanced SMARTNET/SmartZone features 
include roaming (SmartZone only), telephone, private, 
and emergency calls, Call Alert
, and messaging. 
Either analog or digital signaling may be used. 
When a SMARTNET or SmartZone channel is 
selected or the radio is powered up on one of those 
channels, it searches for a control channel. Once a 
control channel is found, the alias (name) of the 
selected channel is displayed and the radio attempts to 
register on the radio system. If a control channel could 
not be found (because of an out of range condition or 
the system ID is not correct, for example), “NO SYS” 
(early units) or “Out Rnge” (later units) is displayed 
and the radio continues to search for a control channel.
The control channel transmits and receives 
system information to and from all radios registered on 
the system. Therefore, once a control channel is found, 
it is continuously monitored for incoming call infor-
mation and is used to make call requests. The radio 
automatically changes to a traffic channel to place and 
receive calls and then returns to the control channel 
when the call is complete. Operating features unique 
to SMARTNET/SmartZone channels are described in 
Section 6.
3.7.4  P25 TRUNKED MODE
The P25 Trunked operating features are very 
similar to the SmartZone type just described. Since 
SmartZone features are also similar to SMARTNET 
features, all three modes are described in Section 6. 
Some differences between the P25 Trunking and 
SmartZone modes are as follows:
Digital signaling is always used with P25 calls. 
Either analog or digital signaling may be used for 
SmartZone calls.
Calls made to a specific mobile in the P25 mode are 
called Unit Calls. In the SMARTNET/SmartZone 
mode they are called Private Calls. 
Messaging is not available with P25 calls.
Telephone calls are currently not available in this 
mode. 
The P25 control channel data rate is 9600 baud and 
the digital voice data rate is also 9600 baud. With