Benutzerhandbuch für Keithley 2750/E Digital-Multimeter, DMM,

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• Model 2750 User’s Manual

  1
• Safety Precautions

  4
• Table of Contents

  8
  • 1 Getting Started

    8
    • General information 1-2

      8
      • Contact information 1-2

        8
      • Safety symbols and terms 1-2

        8
      • Inspection 1-3

        8
      • Options and accessories 1-3

        8
    • Model 2750 features 1-5

      8
    • Plug-in switching modules 1-6

      8
      • Pseudocards 1-8

        8
      • Identifying installed switching modules 1-8

        8
    • Front and rear panel familiarization 1-9

      8
      • Front panel summary 1-9

        8
      • Rear panel summary 1-12

        8
    • Rack mounting 1-13

      8
    • Power-up 1-14

      8
      • Line power connection 1-14

        8
      • Line frequency 1-15

        8
      • Setting line voltage and replacing fuse 1-15

        8
      • Power-up sequence 1-16

        8
      • Keyclick 1-16

        8
    • Display 1-17

      8
      • Status and error messages 1-17

        8
      • Remote programming - display 1-17

        8
    • Defaults and user setups 1-19

      8
      • Saving and restoring setups 1-20

        8
      • Remote programming - default and user setups 1-24

        8
    • Remote programming information 1-25

      8
    • Quick start exercises 1-25

      8
      • Basic DMM measurements - front panel inputs 1-26

        8
      • Closing and opening channels - system channel operation 1-28

        8
      • Simple scanning 1-31

        8
      • Trigger and return readings - remote programming 1-34

        8
  • 2 Closing and Opening Switching Module Channels

    8
    • Close/open overview 2-2

      8
    • Switching module installation and connections 2-3

      8
      • Module installation 2-3

        8
      • Connections 2-5

        8
      • Pseudocards 2-6

        8
    • Channel assignments 2-6

      8
    • System channel operation 2-7

      8
      • 2-wire functions 2-8

        9
      • 4-wire functions (paired channels) 2-8

        9
      • Controlling the system channel 2-9

        9
      • Non-amp and non-measure switching modules 2-13

        9
    • Multiple channel operation 2-15

      9
      • Controlling multiple channels 2-17

        9
      • Multiple channel operation anomalies 2-21

        9
      • Dual independent multiplexers 2-23

        9
    • Identifying installed modules and viewing closed channels 2-28

      9
      • CARD menu 2-28

        9
      • Switching module queries (remote operation) 2-30

        9
    • Relay closure count 2-32

      9
      • Reading relay closure count 2-33

        9
      • Setting count update interval 2-33

        9
    • Model 7700 switching module 2-34

      9
      • Switching module capabilities 2-34

        9
      • Schematic diagram 2-35

        9
  • 3 Basic DMM Operation

    9
    • DMM measurement capabilities 3-2

      9
    • High energy circuit safety precautions 3-3

      9
    • Performance considerations 3-4

      9
      • Warm-up 3-4

        9
      • Autozero 3-4

        9
      • LSYNC (line cycle synchronization) 3-5

        9
      • Remote programming - autozero and LSYNC 3-6

        9
    • Channel list parameter (<clist>) 3-7

      9
    • Voltage measurements (DCV and ACV) 3-8

      9
      • DCV input divider 3-8

        9
      • Connections 3-8

        9
      • Volts measurement procedure 3-11

        9
      • Crest factor 3-12

        9
      • Low level considerations 3-12

        9
    • Current measurements (DCI and ACI) 3-14

      9
      • Connections 3-14

        9
      • Amps measurement procedure 3-15

        9
      • AMPS fuse replacement (front panel AMPS input) 3-16

        9
    • Resistance measurements (W2 and W4) 3-16

      9
      • Connections 3-17

        9
      • Standard resistance measurements 3-19

        9
      • Offset-compensated ohms 3-20

        9
      • Dry circuit ohms (DRYCKT) 3-22

        9
    • Temperature measurements 3-25

      9
      • Thermocouples 3-25

        9
      • Thermistors 3-27

        10
      • 4-wire RTDs 3-28

        10
      • Connections 3-28

        10
      • Temperature measurement configuration 3-34

        10
      • Temperature measurement procedure 3-37

        10
    • Frequency and period measurements 3-38

      10
      • Trigger level 3-38

        10
      • Gate time 3-38

        10
      • Connections 3-39

        10
      • Frequency and period measurement procedure 3-40

        10
    • Continuity testing 3-41

      10
      • Connections 3-41

        10
      • Continuity testing procedure 3-42

        10
    • Remote programming for basic measurements 3-43

      10
      • Basic measurement commands 3-43

        10
      • Basic measurement programming examples 3-49

        10
    • Measurement queries 3-50

      10
      • :FETCh? 3-50

        10
      • :READ? 3-51

        10
      • :MEASure[:<function>]? 3-51

        10
      • [:SENSe[1]]:DATA:FRESh? 3-52

        10
      • [:SENSe[1]]:DATA[:LATest]? 3-52

        10
      • Examples 3-53

        10
  • 4 Range, Digits, Rate, Bandwidth, and Filter

    10
    • Range 4-2

      10
      • Measurement ranges and maximum readings 4-2

        10
      • Manual ranging 4-2

        10
      • Auto ranging 4-3

        10
      • Scanning 4-3

        10
      • Remote programming - range 4-4

        10
    • Digits 4-5

      10
      • Scanning 4-5

        10
      • Remote programming - digits 4-6

        10
    • Rate and bandwidth 4-8

      10
      • Rate 4-8

        10
      • Bandwidth 4-10

        10
      • Scanning 4-10

        10
      • Remote programming - rate and bandwidth 4-11

        10
    • Filter 4-14

      10
      • Filter characteristics 4-14

        10
      • Remote programming - filter 4-19

        10
  • 5 Relative, Math, Ratio, Channel Average, and dB

    10
    • Relative 5-2

      11
      • Basic operation 5-2

        11
      • Remote programming - rel 5-4

        11
    • Math 5-8

      11
      • mX+b 5-9

        11
      • Percent 5-10

        11
      • Reciprocal (1/X) 5-11

        11
      • Basic operation 5-12

        11
      • Remote programming - math 5-13

        11
    • Ratio and channel average 5-16

      11
      • Basic operation 5-17

        11
      • Remote programming - ratio and channel average 5-19

        11
    • dB 5-21

      11
      • Remote programming - dB 5-21

        11
  • 6 Buffer

    11
    • Buffer overview 6-2

      11
    • Front panel buffer 6-2

      11
      • Auto clear 6-2

        11
      • Timestamps 6-3

        11
      • Storing readings 6-5

        11
      • Recalling readings 6-6

        11
      • Buffer statistics 6-7

        11
    • Remote programming - buffer 6-8

      11
      • Buffer commands 6-8

        11
      • Programming example 6-15

        11
  • 7 Scanning

    11
    • Scanning fundamentals 7-2

      11
      • Channel assignments 7-3

        11
      • Sequential and non-sequential scans 7-3

        11
      • Scan process 7-3

        11
      • Trigger models 7-4

        11
    • Scan configuration 7-11

      11
      • Scan reset 7-13

        11
      • Simple scan 7-13

        11
      • Advanced scan 7-14

        11
      • Setting delay 7-17

        11
      • Monitor channel 7-18

        11
      • Auto channel configuration 7-19

        11
      • Saving setup 7-20

        11
      • Auto scan 7-20

        11
    • Scan operation 7-21

      11
      • Basic scan 7-21

        11
      • Manual/external trigger scan 7-22

        12
      • Monitor scan (analog trigger) 7-23

        12
    • Remote programming - scanning 7-25

      12
      • Trigger model 7-25

        12
      • Channel setup 7-26

        12
      • Buffer 7-26

        12
      • Scanning commands 7-26

        12
      • Scanning programming example 7-31

        12
    • Scanning examples 7-32

      12
      • External trigger scan 7-32

        12
      • Monitor scan 7-35

        12
  • 8 Triggering

    12
    • Trigger model 8-2

      12
      • Idle 8-2

        12
      • Control source and event detection 8-3

        12
      • Delay (auto or manual) 8-3

        12
      • Device action 8-5

        12
      • Output trigger 8-5

        12
    • External triggering 8-6

      12
      • Digital I/O 8-6

        12
      • External trigger 8-7

        12
      • Voltmeter complete 8-7

        12
      • External triggering example 8-8

        12
      • External triggering with BNC connections 8-11

        12
    • Remote programming - triggering 8-12

      12
      • Trigger model (remote operation) 8-12

        12
      • Trigger model operation 8-15

        12
      • Triggering commands 8-16

        12
      • Programming example 8-17

        12
  • 9 Limits and Digital I/O

    12
    • Limits 9-2

      12
      • Scanning 9-4

        12
      • Basic limits operation 9-4

        12
    • Digital I/O 9-5

      12
      • Digital input (trigger link input) 9-5

        12
      • Digital outputs 9-6

        12
      • Setting digital output 9-11

        12
      • Scanning 9-12

        12
    • Remote programing - limits and digital output 9-13

      12
      • Limits and digital output commands 9-13

        12
      • Limits and digital outputs programming example 9-15

        12
    • Application - sorting resistors 9-16

      12
      • Limits 9-16

        13
      • Digital outputs 9-18

        13
  • 10 Remote Operations

    13
    • Operation enhancements 10-2

      13
      • Pseudocards 10-2

        13
      • Autozero 10-2

        13
      • dB calculation 10-2

        13
      • Separate function setups 10-3

        13
      • DCV input divider 10-3

        13
      • Multiple channel operation 10-3

        13
    • GPIB setup 10-4

      13
      • GPIB standards 10-4

        13
      • Selecting GPIB and setting primary address 10-4

        13
      • GPIB connections 10-5

        13
    • General bus commands 10-7

      13
      • REN (remote enable) 10-8

        13
      • IFC (interface clear) 10-8

        13
      • LLO (local lockout) 10-8

        13
      • GTL (go to local) 10-8

        13
      • DCL (device clear) 10-9

        13
      • SDC (selective device clear) 10-9

        13
      • GET (group execute trigger) 10-9

        13
      • SPE, SPD (serial polling) 10-9

        13
    • Front panel GPIB operation 10-10

      13
      • Error and status messages 10-10

        13
      • GPIB status indicators 10-10

        13
      • LOCAL key 10-11

        13
    • Programming syntax 10-11

      13
      • Command words 10-11

        13
      • Query commands 10-13

        13
      • Case sensitivity 10-13

        13
      • Long-form and short-form versions 10-14

        13
      • Short-form rules 10-14

        13
      • Program messages 10-15

        13
      • Response messages 10-17

        13
      • Message exchange protocol 10-17

        13
    • RS-232 interface operation 10-18

      13
      • Sending and receiving data 10-18

        13
      • Baud rate 10-18

        13
      • Signal handshaking (flow control) 10-19

        13
      • Terminator 10-19

        13
      • Selecting and configuring RS-232 interface 10-20

        13
      • RS-232 connections 10-20

        13
      • Error messages 10-21

        14
  • 11 Status Structure

    14
    • Overview 11-2

      14
      • Status byte and SRQ 11-2

        14
      • Status register sets 11-2

        14
      • Queues 11-2

        14
    • Clearing registers and queues 11-4

      14
    • Programming and reading registers 11-5

      14
      • Programming enable registers 11-5

        14
      • Reading registers 11-6

        14
    • Status byte and service request (SRQ) 11-6

      14
      • Status byte register 11-7

        14
      • Service request enable register 11-8

        14
      • Serial polling and SRQ 11-8

        14
      • Status byte and service request commands 11-9

        14
      • Serial poll programming example 11-9

        14
    • Status register sets 11-11

      14
      • Register bit descriptions 11-11

        14
      • Condition registers 11-18

        14
      • Event registers 11-18

        14
      • Event enable registers 11-19

        14
    • Queues 11-20

      14
      • Output queue 11-20

        14
      • Error queue 11-20

        14
  • 12 Common Commands

    14
  • 13 SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands

    14
    • CONFigure:<function> [<rang>], [<res>], [<clist>] 13-3

      14
    • FETCh? 13-5

      14
    • READ? 13-5

      14
    • MEASure:<function>? [<rang>], [<res>], [<clist>] 13-7

      14
  • 14 FORMat and Miscellaneous SYSTem Commands

    14
    • FORMat commands 14-2

      14
      • FORMat[:DATA] <type>[,<length>] 14-2

        14
      • FORMat:ELEMents <item list> 14-5

        14
      • FORMat:BORDer <name> 14-6

        14
    • Miscellaneous SYSTem commands 14-7

      14
      • SYSTem:PRESet 14-7

        14
      • SYSTem:VERSion 14-7

        14
      • SYSTem:KEY <NRf> 14-7

        14
      • SYSTem:BEEPer[:STATe] <b> 14-8

        15
  • 15 SCPI Reference Tables

    15
    • Reference tables 15-2

      15
  • B Model 7700 Connection Guide

    15
    • Card configuration - schematic B-2

      15
    • Connections and wiring B-4

      15
      • Screw terminals B-5

        15
      • Wiring procedure B-6

        15
      • Typical connections B-7

        15
      • Connection log B-10

        15
  • C Status and Error Messages

    15
  • D Signal Processing Sequence and Data Flow

    15
    • Signal processing sequence D-2

      15
      • Basic signal processing D-2

        15
      • Signal processing using instrument features D-3

        15
      • Signal processing using Ratio or Ch Avg D-6

        15
    • Data flow (remote operation) D-7

      15
      • SENSe and sample buffer D-8

        15
      • [SENS[1]]:DATA[LATest]? D-9

        15
      • [SENS[1]]:DATA:FRESh? D-9

        15
      • FETCh? D-9

        15
      • READ? D-9

        15
      • MEASure? D-9

        15
      • CALC[1]:DATA[LATest]? D-9

        15
      • CALC[1]:DATA:FRESh? D-9

        15
      • CALC3:LIM1:FAIL? D-11

        15
      • CALC3:LIM2:FAIL? D-11

        15
      • TRACe:DATA? D-11

        15
      • CALC2:IMM? D-12

        15
      • CALC2:IMM D-12

        15
      • CALC2:DATA? D-12

        15
      • Continuous measurement mode D-12

        15
      • Scanning D-13

        15
  • E Measurement Considerations

    15
    • Measurement considerations E-2

      15
      • Thermoelectric potentials E-2

        15
      • Thermoelectric generation E-3

        15
      • Minimizing thermal EMFs E-4

        15
      • Source resistance noise E-5

        16
      • Magnetic fields E-6

        16
      • Radio frequency interference E-6

        16
      • Ground loops E-7

        16
      • Shielding E-9

        16
      • Meter loading E-10

        16
  • F Temperature Equations

    16
    • Thermocouple equation F-2

      16
    • Thermistor equation F-6

      16
    • RTD equation F-8

      16
  • G IEEE-488 Bus Overview

    16
    • Introduction G-2

      16
    • Bus description G-2

      16
    • Bus lines G-4

      16
      • Data lines G-4

        16
      • Bus management lines G-5

        16
      • Handshake lines G-5

        16
    • Bus commands G-6

      16
      • Uniline commands G-8

        16
      • Universal multiline commands G-8

        16
      • Addressed multiline commands G-9

        16
      • Address commands G-9

        16
      • Unaddress commands G-9

        16
      • Common commands G-10

        16
      • SCPI commands G-10

        16
      • Command codes G-10

        16
      • Typical command sequences G-12

        16
      • IEEE command groups G-13

        16
    • Interface function codes G-14

      16
• 1 Getting Started

  18
  • General information

    19
    • Contact information

      19
    • Safety symbols and terms

      19
    • Inspection

      20
    • Options and accessories

      20
      • Plug-in switching modules

        20
      • Connector and adapter kits for switching modules

        21
      • Cables and adapters (GPIB and trigger link)

        21
      • Rack mount kit

        22
  • Model 2750 features

    22
  • Plug-in switching modules

    23
    • Pseudocards

      25
    • Identifying installed switching modules

      25
  • Front and rear panel familiarization

    26
    • Front panel summary

      26
    • Rear panel summary

      29
  • Rack mounting

    30
  • Power-up

    31
    • Line power connection

      31
    • Line frequency

      32
    • Setting line voltage and replacing fuse

      32
    • Power-up sequence

      33
    • Keyclick

      33
      • Remote programming

        34
  • Display

    34
    • Status and error messages

      34
    • Remote programming - display

      34
      • Display commands

        34
      • Programming example

        35
  • Defaults and user setups

    36
    • Saving and restoring setups

      37
      • Saving a user setup

        37
      • Saving a power-on setup

        37
      • Restoring a setup

        37
    • Remote programming - default and user setups

      41
      • Programming example

        42
  • Remote programming information

    42
  • Quick start exercises

    42
    • Basic DMM measurements - front panel inputs

      43
      • Exercise 1 - Basic DMM measurements

        44
    • Closing and opening channels - system channel operation

      45
      • Close/open operation

        46
      • Exercise 2 - Closing and opening channels (system channel operation)

        48
    • Simple scanning

      48
      • Exercise 3 - Simple scanning

        50
    • Trigger and return readings - remote programming

      51
      • Exercise 4 - Trigger and return a single reading

        51
      • Exercise 5 - Trigger and return multiple readings

        51
      • Exercise 6 - Return a single reading (continuous triggering)

        51
• 2 Closing and Opening Switching ModuleChannels

  56
  • Close/open overview

    57
  • Switching module installation and connections

    58
    • Module installation

      58
    • Connections

      59
    • Pseudocards

      60
  • Channel assignments

    60
  • System channel operation

    61
    • 2-wire functions

      62
    • 4-wire functions (paired channels)

      62
    • Controlling the system channel

      63
      • 3 and 4 keys

        63
      • CLOSE key (SINGLE menu option)

        64
      • OPEN key (ALL menu option)

        65
      • Remote programming - system channel control commands

        66
    • Non-amp and non-measure switching modules

      67
      • Non-amps switching modules

        67
      • Non-measure switching modules

        69
  • Multiple channel operation

    69
    • Controlling multiple channels

      71
      • CLOSE key (MULTI menu option)

        72
      • OPEN key

        72
      • Remote programming - Multiple channel control commands

        73
    • Multiple channel operation anomalies

      75
      • Anomaly #1 example - wrong channel displayed

        75
      • Anomaly #2 example - opening the paired channel

        76
    • Dual independent multiplexers

      77
      • Dual multiplexer application

        78
  • Identifying installed modules and viewing closed channels

    82
    • CARD menu

      82
    • Switching module queries (remote operation)

      84
  • Relay closure count

    86
    • Reading relay closure count

      87
    • Setting count update interval

      87
  • Model 7700 switching module

    88
    • Switching module capabilities

      88
    • Schematic diagram

      89
• 3 Basic DMM Operation

  92
  • DMM measurement capabilities

    93
  • High energy circuit safety precautions

    94
  • Performance considerations

    95
    • Warm-up

      95
    • Autozero

      95
    • LSYNC (line cycle synchronization)

      96
    • Remote programming - autozero and LSYNC

      97
      • Autozero and LSYNC commands

        97
  • Channel list parameter (<clist>)

    98
  • Voltage measurements (DCV and ACV)

    99
    • DCV input divider

      99
    • Connections

      99
      • Front panel input

        100
      • Model 7700 switching module

        101
    • Volts measurement procedure

      102
    • Crest factor

      103
    • Low level considerations

      103
      • Shielding

        103
      • Thermal EMFs

        104
      • AC voltage offset

        104
  • Current measurements (DCI and ACI)

    105
    • Connections

      105
      • Front panel inputs

        105
      • Model 7700 switching module

        106
    • Amps measurement procedure

      106
    • AMPS fuse replacement (front panel AMPS input)

      107
  • Resistance measurements (W2 and W4)

    107
    • Connections

      108
      • Front panel inputs

        108
      • Model 7700 switching module

        108
      • Shielding

        108
      • Cable leakage

        108
    • Standard resistance measurements

      110
    • Offset-compensated ohms

      111
      • Enabling/disabling offset-compensated ohms

        112
      • Performing offset-compensated ohms measurements

        112
    • Dry circuit ohms (DRYCKT)

      113
      • Dry circuit ohms applications

        113
      • Enabling/disabling dry circuit ohms

        114
      • Performing dry circuit ohms measurements

        114
      • Dry circuit ohms measurement considerations

        115
  • Temperature measurements

    116
    • Thermocouples

      116
      • Reference junctions

        117
      • Open thermocouple detection

        118
    • Thermistors

      118
    • 4-wire RTDs

      119
    • Connections

      119
      • Thermocouple connections

        119
      • Thermistor connections

        123
      • 4-wire RTD connections

        124
    • Temperature measurement configuration

      125
      • Thermocouple temperature measurement configuration

        125
      • Thermistor temperature measurement configuration

        126
      • 4-wire RTD temperature measurement configuration

        126
    • Temperature measurement procedure

      127
  • Frequency and period measurements

    128
    • Trigger level

      128
    • Gate time

      128
    • Connections

      129
      • Front panel input

        129
      • Model 7700 switching module

        129
    • Frequency and period measurement procedure

      130
  • Continuity testing

    131
    • Connections

      131
      • Front panel input

        131
      • Model 7700 switching module

        131
    • Continuity testing procedure

      132
  • Remote programming for basic measurements

    133
    • Basic measurement commands

      133
    • Basic measurement programming examples

      139
      • Example #1 - continuous triggering

        139
      • Example #2 - one-shot triggering

        139
      • Example #3 - temperature measurement using Model 7700

        139
      • Example #4 - Scan configuration (Model 7700)

        140
  • Measurement queries

    140
    • :FETCh?

      140
      • What it does

        140
      • Limitations

        140
      • Where appropriate

        140
    • :READ?

      141
      • What it does

        141
      • Limitations

        141
      • When appropriate

        141
    • :MEASure[:<function>]?

      141
      • What it does

        141
      • Limitations

        141
      • When appropriate

        141
    • [:SENSe[1]]:DATA:FRESh?

      142
      • What it does

        142
      • Limitations

        142
      • When appropriate

        142
    • [:SENSe[1]]:DATA[:LATest]?

      142
      • What it does

        142
      • Limitations

        142
      • When appropriate

        142
    • Examples

      143
      • One-shot reading, DC volts, no trigger, fastest rate

        143
      • One-shot reading, DC volts, bus trigger, auto ranging

        143
      • One-shot reading, external trigger, auto delay enabled

        143
• 4 Range, Digits, Rate, Bandwidth, and Filter

  146
  • Range

    147
    • Measurement ranges and maximum readings

      147
    • Manual ranging

      147
    • Auto ranging

      148
    • Scanning

      148
    • Remote programming - range

      149
      • Range commands

        149
      • Range programming examples

        150
  • Digits

    150
    • Scanning

      150
    • Remote programming - digits

      151
      • Digits commands

        151
      • Digits programming examples

        152
  • Rate and bandwidth

    153
    • Rate

      153
    • Bandwidth

      155
    • Scanning

      155
    • Remote programming - rate and bandwidth

      156
      • Rate and bandwidth commands

        156
      • Rate and bandwidth programming examples

        158
  • Filter

    159
    • Filter characteristics

      159
      • Filter example

        161
      • Filter control and configuration

        162
      • Scanning

        163
    • Remote programming - filter

      164
      • Filter commands

        164
      • Filter programming examples

        167
• 5 Relative, Math, Ratio, ChannelAverage, and dB

  168
  • Relative

    169
    • Basic operation

      169
      • Scanning

        170
    • Remote programming - rel

      171
      • Rel commands

        171
      • Rel programming examples

        174
  • Math

    175
    • mX+b

      176
      • mX+b configuration

        176
      • mX+b rel

        177
    • Percent

      177
      • Percent configuration

        177
    • Reciprocal (1/X)

      178
      • Reciprocal (1/X) configuration

        178
    • Basic operation

      179
      • Scanning

        179
    • Remote programming - math

      180
      • Math commands

        180
      • Math programming examples

        182
  • Ratio and channel average

    183
    • Basic operation

      184
      • Scanning

        185
    • Remote programming - ratio and channel average

      186
      • Ratio and channel average commands

        186
      • Ratio and channel average programming examples

        187
  • dB

    188
    • dB configuration

      188
    • Scanning

      188
    • Remote programming - dB

      188
      • dB commands

        188
      • Programming examples - dB

        189
• 6 Buffer

  190
  • Buffer overview

    191
  • Front panel buffer

    191
    • Auto clear

      191
      • Enabling/disabling buffer auto clear

        192
    • Timestamps

      192
      • Configuring timestamp

        193
    • Storing readings

      194
    • Recalling readings

      195
    • Buffer statistics

      196
      • Minimum and maximum

        196
      • Peak-to-peak

        196
      • Average

        196
      • Standard deviation

        197
  • Remote programming - buffer

    197
    • Buffer commands

      197
    • Programming example

      203
• 7 Scanning

  206
  • Scanning fundamentals

    207
    • Channel assignments

      208
    • Sequential and non-sequential scans

      208
    • Scan process

      208
    • Trigger models

      209
      • Idle

        212
      • Control sources

        212
      • Delays

        213
      • Device action

        214
      • Reading count

        214
      • Output trigger

        215
  • Scan configuration

    216
    • Saving the configured scan

      217
    • Scan reset

      218
    • Simple scan

      218
    • Advanced scan

      219
      • Advanced scan setup notes

        220
      • Advanced scan setup procedure

        221
    • Setting delay

      222
    • Monitor channel

      223
    • Auto channel configuration

      224
    • Saving setup

      225
    • Auto scan

      225
  • Scan operation

    226
    • Basic scan

      226
    • Manual/external trigger scan

      228
    • Monitor scan (analog trigger)

      229
  • Remote programming - scanning

    231
    • Trigger model

      231
    • Channel setup

      232
    • Buffer

      232
    • Scanning commands

      232
    • Scanning programming example

      237
  • Scanning examples

    238
    • External trigger scan

      238
      • Operation

        239
    • Monitor scan

      241
      • Operation

        241
• 8 Triggering

  244
  • Trigger model

    245
    • Idle

      245
    • Control source and event detection

      246
    • Delay (auto or manual)

      246
    • Device action

      248
    • Output trigger

      248
  • External triggering

    249
    • Digital I/O

      249
    • External trigger

      250
    • Voltmeter complete

      250
    • External triggering example

      251
      • Model 2750

        252
      • Model 7002

        252
    • External triggering with BNC connections

      254
  • Remote programming - triggering

    255
    • Trigger model (remote operation)

      255
      • Idle and initiate

        255
    • Trigger model operation

      258
    • Triggering commands

      259
    • Programming example

      260
• 9 Limits and Digital I/O

  262
  • Limits

    263
    • Scanning

      265
    • Basic limits operation

      265
      • Setting limits

        265
      • Beeper settings

        265
      • Enabling/disabling limits

        265
  • Digital I/O

    266
    • Digital input (trigger link input)

      266
    • Digital outputs

      267
      • Logic sense

        268
      • Pulse option

        268
      • Master limit latch

        268
      • Sink mode - controlling external devices

        269
      • Source mode - logic control

        271
    • Setting digital output

      272
    • Scanning

      273
  • Remote programing - limits and digital output

    274
    • Limits and digital output commands

      274
    • Limits and digital outputs programming example

      276
  • Application - sorting resistors

    277
    • Limits

      277
    • Digital outputs

      279
• 10 Remote Operations

  280
  • Operation enhancements

    281
    • Pseudocards

      281
    • Autozero

      281
    • dB calculation

      281
    • Separate function setups

      282
    • DCV input divider

      282
    • Multiple channel operation

      282
  • GPIB setup

    283
    • GPIB standards

      283
    • Selecting GPIB and setting primary address

      283
    • GPIB connections

      284
  • General bus commands

    286
    • REN (remote enable)

      287
    • IFC (interface clear)

      287
    • LLO (local lockout)

      287
    • GTL (go to local)

      287
    • DCL (device clear)

      288
    • SDC (selective device clear)

      288
    • GET (group execute trigger)

      288
    • SPE, SPD (serial polling)

      288
  • Front panel GPIB operation

    289
    • Error and status messages

      289
    • GPIB status indicators

      289
      • REM

        289
      • TALK

        289
      • LSTN

        289
      • SRQ

        290
    • LOCAL key

      290
  • Programming syntax

    290
    • Command words

      290
      • Commands and command parameters

        290
    • Query commands

      292
    • Case sensitivity

      292
    • Long-form and short-form versions

      293
    • Short-form rules

      293
    • Program messages

      294
      • Single command messages

        294
      • Multiple command messages

        294
      • Command path rules

        295
      • Using common and SCPI commands in the same message

        295
      • Program message terminator (PMT)

        295
      • Command execution rules

        295
    • Response messages

      296
      • Sending a response message

        296
      • Multiple response messages

        296
      • Response message terminator (RMT)

        296
    • Message exchange protocol

      296
  • RS-232 interface operation

    297
    • Sending and receiving data

      297
    • Baud rate

      297
    • Signal handshaking (flow control)

      298
    • Terminator

      298
    • Selecting and configuring RS-232 interface

      299
    • RS-232 connections

      299
    • Error messages

      301
• 11 Status Structure

  302
  • Overview

    303
    • Status byte and SRQ

      303
    • Status register sets

      303
    • Queues

      303
  • Clearing registers and queues

    305
  • Programming and reading registers

    306
    • Programming enable registers

      306
    • Reading registers

      307
  • Status byte and service request (SRQ)

    307
    • Status byte register

      308
    • Service request enable register

      309
    • Serial polling and SRQ

      309
      • SPE, SPD (serial polling)

        309
    • Status byte and service request commands

      310
      • Programming example - set MSS (B6) when error occurs

        310
    • Serial poll programming example

      310
      • SRQ when buffer fills with 500, 1000, 1500, and 1750 readings

        310
  • Status register sets

    312
    • Register bit descriptions

      312
      • Standard event register

        312
      • Operation event register

        313
      • Measurement event register

        314
      • Questionable event register

        317
    • Condition registers

      319
    • Event registers

      319
    • Event enable registers

      320
      • Programming example - program and read register set

        320
  • Queues

    321
    • Output queue

      321
    • Error queue

      321
      • Programming example - read error queue

        322
• 12 Common Commands

  324
  • Description

    326
  • Description

    327
  • Description

    329
• 13 SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands

  332
  • CONFigure:<function> [<rang>], [<res>], [<clist>]

    334
  • FETCh?

    336
  • READ?

    336
  • MEASure:<function>? [<rang>], [<res>], [<clist>]

    338
• 14 FORMat and Miscellaneous SYSTem Commands

  340
  • FORMat commands

    341
    • FORMat[:DATA] <type>[,<length>]

      341
      • ASCII data format

        342
      • IEEE-754 single precision format

        342
    • FORMat:ELEMents <item list>

      344
    • FORMat:BORDer <name>

      345
  • Miscellaneous SYSTem commands

    346
    • SYSTem:PRESet

      346
    • SYSTem:VERSion

      346
    • SYSTem:KEY <NRf>

      346
    • SYSTem:BEEPer[:STATe] <b>

      347
• 15 SCPI Reference Tables

  348
  • Reference tables

    349
• B Model 7700 Connection Guide

  374
  • Card configuration - schematic

    375
  • Connections and wiring

    377
    • Screw terminals

      378
    • Wiring procedure

      379
    • Typical connections

      380
    • Connection log

      383
• C Status and Error Messages

  386
• D Signal Processing Sequence and Data Flow

  394
  • Signal processing sequence

    395
    • Basic signal processing

      395
    • Signal processing using instrument features

      396
      • OComp (offset-compensated ohms)

        397
      • Filter

        397
      • Output trigger pulse (VMC)

        397
      • Rel

        397
      • Math

        398
      • Limits

        398
      • Buffer

        398
    • Signal processing using Ratio or Ch Avg

      399
  • Data flow (remote operation)

    400
    • SENSe and sample buffer

      401
    • [SENS[1]]:DATA[LATest]?

      402
    • [SENS[1]]:DATA:FRESh?

      402
      • [SENS[1]]:DATA[:LATest]?

        402
      • [SENS[1]]:DATA:FRESh?

        402
    • FETCh?

      402
    • READ?

      402
    • MEASure?

      402
    • CALC[1]:DATA[LATest]?

      402
    • CALC[1]:DATA:FRESh?

      402
      • FETCh?

        403
      • READ?

        403
      • MEASure?

        403
      • CALC[1]:DATA[:LATest]?

        404
      • CALC[1]:DATA:FRESh?

        404
    • CALC3:LIM1:FAIL?

      404
    • CALC3:LIM2:FAIL?

      404
    • TRACe:DATA?

      404
    • CALC2:IMM?

      405
    • CALC2:IMM

      405
    • CALC2:DATA?

      405
    • Continuous measurement mode

      405
    • Scanning

      406
• E Measurement Considerations

  408
  • Measurement considerations

    409
    • Thermoelectric potentials

      409
      • Thermoelectric coefficients

        409
    • Thermoelectric generation

      410
    • Minimizing thermal EMFs

      411
      • Nulling residual thermal offsets

        411
    • Source resistance noise

      412
      • Johnson noise equation

        412
      • Minimizing source resistance noise

        412
    • Magnetic fields

      413
    • Radio frequency interference

      413
    • Ground loops

      414
    • Shielding

      416
    • Meter loading

      417
• F Temperature Equations

  418
  • Thermocouple equation

    419
  • Thermistor equation

    423
  • RTD equation

    425
• G IEEE-488 Bus Overview

  428
  • Introduction

    429
  • Bus description

    429
  • Bus lines

    431
    • Data lines

      431
    • Bus management lines

      432
    • Handshake lines

      432
  • Bus commands

    433
    • Uniline commands

      435
    • Universal multiline commands

      435
    • Addressed multiline commands

      436
    • Address commands

      436
    • Unaddress commands

      436
    • Common commands

      437
    • SCPI commands

      437
    • Command codes

      437
    • Typical command sequences

      439
    • IEEE command groups

      440
  • Interface function codes

    441
• Index

  444