Manuali utente per Texas Instruments TMS320C3x

Sommario

• IMPORTANT NOTICE

  2
• Read This First

  3
  • About This Manual

    3
  • Notational Conventions

    3
  • Information About Cautions

    5
  • Related Documentation From Texas Instruments

    5
  • References

    6
  • If You Need Assistance

    10
  • Trademarks

    11
• Contents

  12
• Figures

  19
• Tables

  25
• Examples

  27
• Introduction

  30
  • TMS320C3x Devices

    31
    • TMS320C3x Key Specifications

      32
    • TMS320C30

      32
    • TMS320C31 and TMS320LC31

      32
    • TMS320C32

      33
  • Typical Applications

    36
• Architectural Overview

  37
  • Overview

    38
  • Central Processing Unit (CPU)

    42
    • Floating-Point/Integer Multiplier

      44
    • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and Internal Buses

      44
    • Auxiliary Register Arithmetic Units (ARAUs)

      44
  • CPU Primary Register File

    45
  • Other Registers

    48
  • Memory Organization

    49
    • RAM, ROM, and Cache

      49
    • Memory Addressing Modes

      53
  • Internal Bus Operation

    54
  • External Memory Interface

    55
    • TMS320C32 16- and 32-Bit Program Memory

      55
    • TMS320C32 8-, 16-, and 32-Bit Data Memory

      56
  • Interrupts

    57
  • Peripherals

    58
    • Timers

      59
    • Serial Ports

      59
  • Direct Memory Access (DMA)

    60
  • TMS320C30, TMS320C31, and TMS320C32 Differences

    62
• CPU Registers

  64
  • CPU Multiport Register File

    65
    • Extended-Precision Registers (R7–R0)

      66
    • Auxiliary Registers (AR7–AR0)

      67
    • Data-Page Pointer (DP)

      67
    • Index Registers (IR0, IR1)

      67
    • Block Size (BK) Register

      67
    • System-Stack Pointer (SP)

      67
    • Status (ST) Register

      68
    • CPU/DMA Interrupt-Enable (IE) Register

      72
    • CPU Interrupt Flag (IF) Register

      74
      • Interrupt-Trap Table Pointer (ITTP)

        77
    • I/O Flag (IOF) Register

      79
    • Repeat-Counter (RC) and Block-Repeat (RS, RE) Registers

      80
  • Other Registers

    81
    • Program-Counter (PC) Register

      81
    • Instruction Register (IR)

      81
  • Reserved Bits and Compatibility

    82
• Memory and the Instruction Cache

  83
  • Memory

    84
    • Memory Maps

      84
      • TMS320C30 Memory Map

        84
      • TMS320C31 Memory Map

        87
      • TMS320C32 Memory Map

        89
    • Peripheral Bus Memory Map

      91
      • TMS320C30 Peripheral Bus Memory Map

        91
      • TMS320C31 Peripheral Bus Memory Map

        93
      • TMS320C32 Peripheral Bus Memory Map

        94
  • Reset/Interrupt/Trap Vector Map

    96
  • Instruction Cache

    101
    • Instruction-Cache Architecture

      101
    • Instruction-Cache Algorithm

      103
    • Cache Control Bits

      104
• Data Formats and Floating-Point Operation

  106
  • Integer Formats

    107
    • Short-Integer Format

      107
    • Single-Precision Integer Format

      107
  • Unsigned-Integer Formats

    108
    • Short Unsigned-Integer Format

      108
    • Single-Precision Unsigned-Integer Format

      108
  • Floating-Point Formats

    109
    • Short Floating-Point Format

      110
    • TMS320C32 Short Floating-Point Format for External 16-Bit Data

      111
    • Single-Precision Floating-Point Format

      112
    • Extended-Precision Floating-Point Format

      113
    • Determining the Decimal Equivalent of a TMS320C3x Floating-Point Format

      114
    • Conversion Between Floating-Point Formats

      117
  • Floating-Point Conversion (IEEE Std. 754)

    119
    • Converting IEEE Format to 2s-Complement TMS320C3x Floating-Point Format

      120
      • IEEE-to-TMS320C3x Floating-Point Format Conversion

        122
    • Converting 2s-Complement TMS320C3x Floating-Point Format to IEEE Format

      126
      • TMS320C3x-to-IEEE Floating-Point Format Conversion

        127
  • Floating-Point Multiplication

    131
  • Floating-Point Addition and Subtraction

    137
  • Normalization Using the NORM Instruction

    142
  • Rounding (RND Instruction)

    144
  • Floating-Point to Integer Conversion (FIX Instruction)

    146
  • Integer to Floating-Point Conversion (FLOAT Instruction)

    148
  • Fast Logarithms on a Floating-Point Device

    149
    • Example of Fast Logarithm on a Floating-Point Device

      150
    • Points to Consider

      152
• Addressing Modes

  154
  • Addressing Types

    155
  • Register Addressing

    156
  • Direct Addressing

    157
  • Indirect Addressing

    158
  • Immediate Addressing

    171
  • PC-Relative Addressing

    172
  • Circular Addressing

    174
  • Bit-Reversed Addressing

    179
  • Aligning Buffers With the TMS320 Floating-Point DSP Assembly Language Tools

    181
  • System and User Stack Management

    182
    • System-Stack Pointer

      182
    • Stacks

      183
    • Queues

      184
• Program Flow Control

  185
  • Repeat Modes

    186
    • Repeat-Mode Control Bits

      187
    • Repeat-Mode Operation

      187
    • RPTB Instruction

      188
    • RPTS Instruction

      189
    • Repeat-Mode Restrictions

      190
    • RC Register Value After Repeat Mode Completes

      191
    • Nested Block Repeats

      192
  • Delayed Branches

    193
  • Calls, Traps, and Returns

    195
  • Interlocked Operations

    197
    • Interrupting Interlocked Operations

      199
    • Using Interlocked Operations

      199
    • Pipeline Effects of Interlocked Instructions

      203
  • Reset Operation

    205
  • Interrupts

    210
    • TMS320C30 and TMS320C31 Interrupt Vector Table

      210
    • TMS320C32 Interrupt Vector Table

      213
    • Interrupt Prioritization

      215
    • CPU Interrupt Control Bits

      216
    • Interrupt Flag Register Behavior

      216
    • Interrupt Processing

      217
    • CPU Interrupt Latency

      219
    • External Interrupts

      220
  • DMA Interrupts

    222
    • DMA Interrupt Control Bits

      222
    • DMA Interrupt Processing

      223
    • CPU/DMA Interaction

      224
    • TMS320C3x Interrupt Considerations

      225
    • TMS320C30 Interrupt Considerations

      228
  • Traps

    231
    • Initialization of Traps and Interrupts

      231
    • Operation of Traps

      231
  • Power Management Modes

    233
    • IDLE2 Power-Down Mode

      233
    • LOPOWER

      235
• Pipeline Operation

  237
  • Pipeline Structure

    238
  • Pipeline Conflicts

    240
    • Branch Conflicts

      240
    • Register Conflicts

      242
    • Memory Conflicts

      244
      • Program Wait

        245
      • Program Fetch Incomplete

        247
      • Execute Only

        248
      • Hold Everything

        251
  • Resolving Register Conflicts

    255
  • Memory Access for Maximum Performance

    258
  • Clocking Memory Accesses

    260
    • Program Fetches

      260
    • Data Loads and Stores

      260
      • 2-Operand Instruction Memory Accesses

        261
      • 3-Operand Instruction Memory Reads

        261
      • Operations with Parallel Stores

        265
      • Parallel Multiplies and Adds

        266
• TMS320C30 and TMS320C31 External-Memory Interface

  267
  • Overview

    268
  • Memory Interface Signals

    269
    • TMS320C30 Memory Interface Signals

      269
    • TMS320C31 Memory Interface Signals

      269
  • Memory Interface Control Registers

    273
    • Primary-Bus Control Register

      273
    • Expansion-Bus Control Register

      275
  • Programmable Wait States

    276
  • Programmable Bank Switching

    278
  • External Memory Interface Timing

    281
    • Primary-Bus Cycles

      281
    • Expansion-Bus I/O Cycles

      287
    • Hold Cycles

      303
• TMS320C32 Enhanced External Memory Interface

  304
  • TMS320C32 Memory Features

    305
  • TMS320C32 Memory Overview

    306
    • External Memory Interface Overview

      306
    • Program Memory Access

      307
    • Data Memory Access

      308
      • 8-, 16-, or 32-Bit Integers Data Types

        308
      • 16- or 32-Bit Floating-Point Data Types

        309
  • Configuration

    310
    • External Interface Control Registers

      310
      • STRB0\ Control Register

        311
      • STRB1\ Control Register

        311
      • IOSTRB\ Control Register

        312
    • Using Physical Memory Width and Data-Type Size Fields

      316
  • Programmable Wait States

    318
  • Programmable Bank Switching

    320
  • 32-Bit-Wide Memory Interface

    323
    • Case 1: 32-Bit-Wide Memory With 8-Bit Data-Type Size

      323
    • Case 2: 32-Bit-Wide Memory With 16-Bit Data-Type Size

      325
    • Case 3: 32-Bit-Wide Memory With 32-Bit Data-Type Size

      327
  • 16-Bit-Wide Memory Interface

    329
    • Case 4: 16-Bit-Wide Memory With 8-Bit Data-Type Size

      329
    • Case 5: 16-Bit-Wide Memory With 16-Bit Data-Type Size

      331
    • Case 6: 16-Bit-Wide Memory with 32-Bit Data-Type Size

      333
  • 8-Bit-Wide Memory Interface

    335
    • Case 7: 8-Bit-Wide Memory With 8-Bit Data-Type Size

      335
    • Case 8: 8-Bit Wide Memory With 16-Bit Data-Type Size

      337
    • Case 9: 8-Bit-Wide Memory With 32-Bit Data-Type Size

      338
  • External Ready Timing Improvement

    341
  • Bus Timing

    342
    • STRB0\ and STRB1\ Bus Cycles

      342
    • IOSTRB\ Bus Cycles

      345
    • Inactive Bus States

      354
• Using the TMS320C31 and TMS320C32 Boot Loaders

  356
  • TMS320C31 Boot Loader

    357
    • TMS320C31 Boot-Loader Description

      357
    • TMS320C31 Boot-Loader Mode Selection

      357
    • TMS320C31 Boot-Loading Sequence

      359
    • TMS320C31 Boot Data Stream Structure

      362
      • Examples of External TMS320C31 Memory Loads

        364
      • Serial-Port Loading

        366
    • Interrupt and Trap-Vector Mapping

      366
    • TMS320C31 Boot-Loader Precautions

      368
  • TMS320C32 Boot Loader

    369
    • TMS320C32 Boot-Loader Description

      369
    • TMS320C32 Boot-Loader Mode Selection

      369
    • TMS320C32 Boot-Loading Sequence

      370
    • TMS320C32 Boot Data Stream Structure

      375
    • Boot-Loader Hardware Interface

      378
    • TMS320C32 Boot-Loader Precautions

      378
• Peripherals

  380
  • Timers

    381
    • Timer Pins

      382
    • Timer Control Registers

      382
    • Timer Global-Control Register

      383
    • Timer-Period and Counter Registers

      386
    • Timer Pulse Generation

      386
    • Timer Operation Modes

      389
      • CLKSRC = 1 and FUNC = 0

        389
      • CLKSRC = 1 and FUNC = 1

        390
      • CLKSRC = 0 and FUNC = 0

        390
      • CLKSRC = 0 and FUNC = 1

        391
    • Using TCLKx as General-Purpose I/O Pins

      391
    • Timer Interrupts

      392
    • Timer Initialization/Reconfiguration

      392
  • Serial Ports

    394
    • Serial-Port Global-Control Register

      396
    • FSX/DX/CLKX Port-Control Register

      401
    • FSR/DR/CLKR Port-Control Register

      402
    • Receive/Transmit Timer-Control Register

      404
    • Receive/Transmit Timer-Counter Register

      406
    • Receive/Transmit Timer-Period Register

      407
    • Data-Transmit Register

      407
    • Data-Receive Register

      407
    • Serial-Port Operation Configurations

      408
    • Serial-Port Timing

      410
      • Continuous Transmit and Receive Modes

        412
      • Handshake Mode

        412
    • Serial-Port Interrupt Sources

      413
    • Serial-Port Functional Operation

      414
      • Fixed Data-Rate Timing Operation

        415
      • Variable Data-Rate Timing Operation

        418
    • Serial-Port Initialization/Reconfiguration

      420
    • TMS320C3x Serial-Port Interface Examples

      420
      • Handshake Mode Example

        421
      • CPU Transfer With Serial Port Transmit Polling Method

        422
      • DMA Transfer With Serial Port Interrupt

        424
      • Serial Analog Interface Chips Interface Example

        424
      • Serial Analog-to-Digital (A/D) and Digital-to-Analog (D/A) Interface Example

        425
  • DMA Controller

    427
    • DMA Functional Description

      427
      • TMS320C30 and TMS320C31 DMA Controller

        428
      • TMS320C32 Two-Channel DMA Controller

        428
    • DMA Basic Operation

      429
    • DMA Registers

      430
      • DMA Global-Control Register

        432
      • Destination-Address and Source-Address Registers

        436
      • Transfer-Counter Register

        437
    • CPU/DMA Interrupt-Enable Register

      438
    • TMS320C32 DMA Internal Priority Schemes

      441
      • Fixed Priority Scheme

        441
      • Rotating Priority Scheme

        442
    • CPU and DMA Controller Arbitration

      442
    • DMA and Interrupts

      443
      • Interrupts and Synchronization of DMA Channels

        444
    • DMA Memory Transfer Timing

      446
      • Single DMA Memory Transfer Timing

        447
    • DMA Initialization/Reconfiguration

      452
    • Hints for DMA Programming

      452
    • DMA Programming Examples

      453
• Assembly Language Instructions

  459
  • Instruction Set

    460
    • Load and Store Instructions

      460
    • 2-Operand Instructions

      461
    • 3-Operand Instructions

      462
    • Program-Control Instructions

      462
    • Low-Power Control Instructions

      463
    • Interlocked-Operations Instructions

      463
    • Parallel-Operations Instructions

      464
    • Illegal Instructions

      467
  • Instruction Set Summary

    468
  • Parallel Instruction Set Summary

    475
  • Group Addressing Mode Instruction Encoding

    478
    • General Addressing Modes

      478
    • 3-Operand Addressing Modes

      482
    • Parallel Addressing Modes

      483
    • Conditional-Branch Addressing Modes

      485
  • Condition Codes and Flags

    486
  • Individual Instructions

    490
    • Symbols and Abbreviations

      490
    • Optional Assembler Syntax

      492
    • Individual Instruction Descriptions

      495
      • EXAMPLE

        496
      • ABSF

        499
      • ABSF||STF

        500
      • ABSI

        502
      • ABSI||STI

        504
      • ADDC

        506
      • ADDC3

        507
      • ADDF

        509
      • ADDF3

        511
      • ADDF3||STF

        513
      • ADDI

        515
      • ADDI3

        516
      • ADDI3||STI

        518
      • AND

        520
      • AND3

        521
      • AND3||STI

        523
      • ANDN

        525
      • ANDN3

        527
      • ASH

        529
      • ASH3

        531
      • ASH3||STI

        534
      • Bcond

        537
      • BcondD

        539
      • BR

        541
      • BRD

        542
      • CALL

        543
      • CALLcond

        544
      • CMPF

        546
      • CMPF3

        548
      • CMPI

        550
      • CMPI3

        551
      • DBcond

        553
      • DBcondD

        555
      • FIX

        557
      • FIX||STI

        559
      • FLOAT

        561
      • FLOAT||STF

        563
      • IACK

        565
      • IDLE

        567
      • IDLE2

        568
      • LDE

        570
      • LDF

        572
      • LDFcond

        573
      • LDFI

        575
      • LDF||LDF

        577
      • LDF||STF

        579
      • LDI

        581
      • LDIcond

        583
      • LDII

        585
      • LDI||LDI

        587
      • LDI||STI

        589
      • LDM

        591
      • LDP

        592
      • LOPOWER

        593
      • LSH

        594
      • LSH3

        596
      • LSH3||STI

        599
      • MAXSPEED

        603
      • MPYF

        604
      • MPYF3

        605
      • MPYF3||ADDF3

        607
      • MPYF3||STF

        611
      • MPYF3||SUBF3

        613
      • MPYF3||ADDF3

        614
      • MPYF3||SUBF3

        615
      • MPYI

        617
      • MPYI3

        619
      • MPYI3||ADDI3

        621
      • MPYI3||STI

        625
      • MPYI3||SUBI3

        627
      • NEGB

        631
      • NEGF

        632
      • NEGF||STF

        634
      • NEGI

        636
      • NEGI||STI

        637
      • NOP

        639
      • NORM

        640
      • NOT

        642
      • NOT||STI

        644
      • OR

        646
      • OR3

        648
      • OR3||STI

        650
      • POP

        652
      • POPF

        653
      • PUSH

        654
      • PUSHF

        655
      • RETIcond

        656
      • RETScond

        658
      • RND

        660
      • ROL

        662
      • ROLC

        663
      • ROR

        665
      • RORC

        666
      • RPTB

        667
      • RPTS

        669
      • SIGI

        671
      • STF

        672
      • STFI

        673
      • STF||STF

        675
      • STI

        677
      • STII

        678
      • STI||STI

        679
      • SUBB

        681
      • SUBB3

        682
      • SUBC

        684
      • SUBF

        686
      • SUBF3

        688
      • SUBF3||STF

        690
      • SUBI

        692
      • SUBI3

        693
      • SUBI3||STI

        695
      • SUBRB

        697
      • SUBRF

        698
      • SUBRI

        699
      • SWI

        700
      • TRAPcond

        701
      • TSTB

        703
      • TSTB3

        705
      • XOR

        707
      • XOR3

        708
      • XOR3||STI

        710
• Instruction Opcodes

  712
• TMS320C31 Boot Loader Source Code

  718
• TMS320C32 Boot Loader Source Code

  724
  • Boot-Loader Source Code Description

    725
  • Boot-Loader Source Code Listing

    727
• Glossary

  734
• Index

  742